Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Acute Bronchiolitis Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Ward

(1) Background: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (H-CPAP) has primarily been used in intensive care settings to treat moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis in infants. We aim to report on the feasibility of H-CPAP for selected infants with bronchiolitis in a pediatric ward. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational, consecutive case series was studied of 26 patients who received H-CPAP on the pediatric ward from October 2022 to February 2023, including a description of patient outcomes and costs. (3) Results: Of 130 infants with bronchiolitis admitted to Bambino Gesù Hospital in Rome, 34 were hospitalized for moderate to severe bronchiolitis, and 26 began H-CPAP on the ward. Among the 26 pediatric patients who received H-CPAP on the ward, 4 out of 26 (15%) required transfer to the PICU within the first hours of care due to clinical deterioration. No problems with the H-CPAP interface or side effects attributable to H-CPAP were reported. Pharmacological sedation with a single dose of dexmedetomidine was required for 15/26 patients (57%) following failure of non-pharmacological anxiety reduction strategies. After introducing H-CPAP in our pediatric ward, we achieved total cost savings of approximately EUR 147,120. (4) Conclusions: Treatment with H-CPAP for infants with bronchiolitis may be feasible in non-intensive care settings with trained staff, appropriate monitoring, and rapid access to pediatric intensive care

Acute Bronchiolitis · Anesthesia · Bronchiolitis · Continuous positive airway pressure · Intensive care · Intensive care medicine · Observational study · Obstructive sleep apnea · Respiratory failure · Respiratory system · Sedation · Medicine · Neonatal Respiratory Health Research · Respiratory Support and Mechanisms · Respiratory viral infections research · Emergency Medicine · Internal Medicine · Pediatrics

• Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children

  Open Access•Harish Nair, D James Nokes et al.•The Lancet•2010

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