Media and Islamophobia in Europe
A Literature-Based Analysis of Reports 2015–2023
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 16901959 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jelang Ramadhan (0000-0002-9050-4565, University of Indonesia, corresponding author), Karomah Widianingsih (0000-0002-3722-5807, University of Indonesia), Eva Achjani Zulfa (0009-0005-8559-7428, University of Indonesia), Imam Khomaeini Hayatullah (0000-0002-3124-7546, University of Vienna) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 584 |
| Publication date | 2025-05-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Religions (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2077-1444 • E-ISSN: 2077-1444 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG (PUBLISHER • IT) |
| DOI | 10.3390/rel16050584 |
| OpenAlex | W4410033557 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 19 |
This study examines the increasing Muslim presence in Western Europe, driven by migration, fertility rates, and religious conversion according to recent demographic research. Triggering events such as the 9/11 attacks in 2001 and the 7/7 London bombings in 2005, marked as milestones, worsened by the global media and propaganda, have significantly fueled Islamophobia across the region. Countries in Western Europe, like Spain, the Netherlands, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, are selected focus areas to reflect social change and overlapping responses to the shifts. This study investigates the connection between rising anti-immigrant sentiment toward Muslims and the media’s role in shaping Islamophobia by negatively depicting Islam as a religion of war or terror. By analyzing the European Islamophobia Reports from 2015 to 2023, this study examines how Muslims are portrayed both as immigrants and through their symbolic societal presence. The study critically analyzes anti-Islam propaganda and the life experiences of Muslim communities by implementing qualitative methods through a literature review. The findings of this study reveal a paradox between Europe’s advocacy for diversity and the realities shaped by political and global dynamics, which hinder efforts toward inclusion. These insights could inform media policies to promote more balanced representations of Muslims and guide societal initiatives aimed at reducing prejudice and fostering greater inclusivity in Western Europe
Islamophobia · Media studies · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Law · Media, Religion, Digital Communication · Populism, Right-Wing Movements · Social Media and Politics
Unveiling Islamophobia
Critiques to the Nation-State Model
History and Prospect of Muslims in Western Europe
Fasad, Hijra and Warlike Diaspora” from the Geographic Boundaries of Early Islam to a New Dar al-Hikma
Muslim Immigrants in Europe
Trust no one’
Religions in Europe
Islamophobia in the East of the European Union
Categories of analysis and categories of practice
Behind the Invisible Curtain of Scholarly Criticism
Is the Islam in Islamophobia the Same as the Islam in Anti-Islam; or, When Is It Islamophobia Time?1
| Citations per year | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2025 - 2026 (2) |
| Highly cited | No |