Air Pollutant Particles, PM2.5, Exposure and Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes

A National Population-Based Nested Case–Control Study

Bibliographic Data

ID17801110
AuthorsYun‐Wei Chiang (0000-0002-2101-8918, National Chung Hsing University), Yun-Wei Chiang (National Chung Hsing University), Sheng‐Wen Wu (0000-0002-2978-8626, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital), Sheng-Wen Wu (Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan), Ci-Wen Luo (0000-0001-6921-6940, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital), Shih‐Pin Chen (0000-0002-7332-7018, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital), Shih-Pin Chen (Chung Shan Medical University), Chun-Jung Chen (Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan), Chun‐Jung Chen (0000-0002-6921-6737, National Chung Hsing University), Wen‐Ying Chen (0000-0002-5105-5285, National Chung Hsing University), Chia‐Che Chang (0000-0003-3509-3713, Asia University), Chia-Che Chang (National Chung Hsing University), Chuan‐Mu Chen (0000-0003-2461-9150, National Chung Hsing University), Yu‐Hsiang Kuan (0000-0002-8991-6394, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, corresponding author)
Year2021
Volume18
Issue18
Pages9939-9939
Publication date2021-09-21
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph18189939
PMID34574858
OpenAlexW3200446813
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited47

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached 20%. Air pollutants with a particle size of less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) are a globally recognized risk factor for diabetes and glaucoma. We examined whether the risk of glaucoma would decrease or increase when patients with DM were exposed to different PM 2.5 concentrations. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan and the Air Quality Monitoring Network between 2008 and 2013. This nested case-control study involved 197 DM patients with glaucoma and 788 DM patients without glaucoma. Cases and controls were matched (1:4) by gender, age (±5 years), and index date (±6 months), and their data were entered in a logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age, urbanization level, income level, and comorbidities. The odds ratio (OR) of glaucoma at PM 2.5 exposure concentration in the fourth quartile (Q4) compared with in the first quartile (Q1) was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.084-2.764). For glaucoma risk, the OR was 1.013 (95% CI: 1.006-1.020) at a PM2.5 exposure concentration in Q1, 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001-1.007) in the third quartile (Q3), and 1.003 (95% CI: 1.001-1.004) in Q4. In the subgroup analysis of patients living in non-emerging towns and non-agricultural towns, the OR for glaucoma in Q4 compared with in Q1 was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.229-3.406) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.091-2.803), respectively ( p trend = 0.001 and 0.011). For patients without migraine, the OR for glaucoma was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.074-2.782; p = 0.006). These results demonstrate that, for patients with DM, PM 2.5 increased the risk of glaucoma and PM 2.5 was an independent risk factor for glaucoma in patients with DM

Air pollutants · Air pollution · Case-control study · Diabetes mellitus · Environmental health · Glaucoma · Nested case-control study · Population · Air Quality and Health Impacts · Chemistry · Circadian rhythm and melatonin · Environmental Science · Medicine · Endocrinology · Internal Medicine · Ophthalmology

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