The Childhood Opportunity Index 2.0

Factor Structure in 9–10 Year Olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Bibliographic Data

ID17801124
AuthorsJulia C Harris (0000-0002-4384-1067, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, corresponding author), Isabelle G Wilson (0009-0006-4425-0572, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee), Carlos Cardenas‐Iniguez (0000-0002-6736-3020, University of Southern California), Ashley L Watts (0000-0002-8210-4748, Vanderbilt University), Krista M Lisdahl (0000-0001-9515-1335, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)
Year2025
Volume22
Issue2
Pages228-228
Publication date2025-02-06
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1661-7827 • E-ISSN: 1660-4601
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3390/ijerph22020228
PMID40003454
OpenAlexW4407189914
LanguageEN
References cited96

The built physical and social environments are critical drivers of child neural and cognitive development. This study aimed to identify the factor structure and correlates of 29 environmental, education, and socioeconomic indicators of neighborhood resources as measured by the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI 2.0) in a sample of youths aged 9-10 enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. This study used the baseline data of the ABCD Study ( n = 9767, ages 9-10). We used structural equation modeling to investigate the factor structure of neighborhood variables (e.g., indicators of neighborhood quality including access to early child education, health insurance, walkability). We externally validated these factors with measures of psychopathology, impulsivity, and behavioral activation and inhibition. Exploratory factor analyses identified four factors: Neighborhood Enrichment, Socioeconomic Attainment, Child Education, and Poverty Level. Socioeconomic Attainment and Child Education were associated with overall reduced impulsivity and the behavioral activation system, whereas increased Poverty Level was associated with increased externalizing symptoms, an increased behavioral activation system, and increased aspects of impulsivity. Distinct dimensions of neighborhood opportunity were differentially associated with aspects of psychopathology, impulsivity, and behavioral approach, suggesting that neighborhood opportunity may have a unique impact on neurodevelopment and cognition. This study can help to inform future public health efforts and policy about improving built and natural environmental structures that may aid in supporting emotional development and downstream behaviors

Cognition · Cognitive development · Developmental psychology · Educational attainment · Environmental health · Impulsivity · Poverty · Psychiatry · Psychopathology · Socioeconomic status · Structural equation modeling · Clinical Psychology · Medicine · Noise Effects and Management · Psychology · Urban Green Space and Health · Urban Transport and Accessibility

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access