A structural difference between the cell surfaces of humans and the great apes

Dados Bibliográficos

ID18927751
AutoresElaine A Muchmore (University of California San Diego), Sandra Díaz (0000-0003-2016-4195, University of California San Diego), Ajit Varki (0000-0002-2206-975X, University of California San Diego, autor correspondente)
Ano1998
Volume107
Fascículo2
Páginas187-198
Data de publicação1998-10-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoAmerican Journal of Physical Anthropology (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0002-9483 • E-ISSN: 1096-8644
EditoraWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199810)107:2<187::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-s
PMID9786333
OpenAlexW2107773664
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas5
Referências citadas81

The sialic acids are major components of the cell surfaces of animals of the deuterostome lineage. Earlier studies suggested that humans may not express N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a hydroxylated form of the common sialic acid N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). We find that while Neu5Gc is essentially undetectable on human plasma proteins and erythrocytes, it is a major component in all the four extant great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla and orangutan) as well as in many other mammals. This marked difference is also seen amongst cultured lymphoblastoid cells from humans and great apes, as well as in a variety of other tissues compared between humans and chimpanzees, including the cerebral cortex and the cerebrospinal fluid. Biosynthetically, Neu5Gc arises from the action of a hydroxylase that converts the nucleotide donor CMP-Neu5Ac to CMP-Neu5Gc. This enzymatic activity is present in chimpanzee cells, but not in human cells. However, traces of Neu5Gc occur in some human tissues, and others have reported expression of Neu5Gc in human cancers and fetal tissues. Thus, the enzymatic capacity to express Neu5Gc appears to have been suppressed sometime after the great ape-hominid divergence. As terminal structures on cell surfaces, sialic acids are involved in intercellular cross-talk involving specific vertebrate lectins, as well as in microbe-host recognition involving a wide variety of pathogens. The level of sialic acid hydroxylation (level of Neu5Ac versus Neu5Gc) is known to positively or negatively affect several of these endogenous and exogenous interactions. Thus, there are potential functional consequences of this widespread structural change in humans affecting the surfaces of cells throughout the body

Biological evolution · Biology · Bonobo · Deuterostome · Enzyme · Gene · Hominidae · N-Acetylneuraminic acid · Neuraminic acid · Neuraminidase · Sialic acid · Vertebrate · Biochemistry · Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis · Genetics · Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research · Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans research