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The Monetary Method and the Size of the Shadow Economy

A Critical Assessment

Bibliographic Data

ID19035302
AuthorsHildegart Ahumada (0000-0002-0329-8434), Facundo Alvaredo (0009-0002-1530-9150, corresponding author), Alfredo Canavese
Year2007
Volume53
Issue2
Pages363-371
Publication date2007-05-22
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueReview of Income and Wealth (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0034-6586 • E-ISSN: 1475-4991
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/j.1475-4991.2007.00234.x
OpenAlexW2288327775
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited13

A widely applied approach to measure the size of the shadow economy, known as the “monetary method” or the “currency approach,” is based on econometric estimates of the demand for money. These estimates are used to get the currency held by economic agents in excess of the amount they need to finance registered transactions. This excess of currency multiplied by the income‐velocity of circulation (assumed to be equal in the registered and shadow economies) gives a measure of the hidden GDP. This paper shows that the monetary method only produces coherent estimates if the income‐elasticity of the demand for currency is one and suggests a way to correct the estimated size of the shadow economy when such elasticity is not one. The correction is applied to existent measures for different countries

Currency · Demand for money · Econometrics · Economics · Economy · Income elasticity of demand · Macroeconomics · Monetary economics · Monetary policy · Corporate Taxation and Avoidance · Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth · Taxation and Compliance Studies

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    Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn et al.•International Economic Journal•2010

  • The Long Shadow of Informality

    Open Access•The World Bank, Franziska Ohnsorge et al.•Long Shadow of Informality•2022

  • The monetary method to measure the shadow economy

    Open Access•Hildegart Ahumada, Facundo Alvaredo et al.•Economics Letters•2008

  • The Monetary Method to Measure the Size of the Shadow Economy

    Hildegart Ahumada, Facundo Alvaredo et al.•Revue économique•2009

  • Can informal economic activities be explained by social and institutional factors? A comparative analysis

    Stef Adriaenssen, Jef Hendrickx•Socio-Economic Review•2015

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    Friedrich Schneider, Dominik H Enste•Journal of Economic Literature•2000

  • The Underground Economy in the United States

    Vito Tanzi•Staff Papers•1983

  • The Demand for Currency Relative to the Total Money Supply

    Phillip Cagan•Journal of Political Economy•1958

  • Britain's Shadow Economy

    Bruno S Frey, Stephen A Smith et al.•The Economic Journal•1987

  • Quantifying the Black Economy

    Open Access•Jim Thomas•The Economic Journal•1999

  • Uses and Abuses of Estimates of the Underground Economy

    Open Access•Vito Tanzi•The Economic Journal•1999

  • Estimating the second economy in Tanzania

    Open Access•M S D Bagachwa, Alexis Naho•World Development•1995

Unique citing works5
Citations per year0,28
Citation span2008 - 2022 (15)
Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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