Greenhouse gas estimation methods for domestic wastewater in Nepal
A mini review
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19268371 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Mahesh Bhatta (0009-0006-7427-9392, Tribhuvan University), Ajaya Subedi (0009-0000-8566-4209, Tribhuvan University), Nadia Machkour (0000-0002-7678-2542, Hassan II University), Bijaya Thapa (0000-0002-5362-1172, Kathmandu University), Shukra Raj Paudel (0000-0002-5764-2990, Tribhuvan University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 82 |
| Issue | 5-6 |
| Pages | 1960-1973 |
| Publication date | 2025-11-02 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Environmental Studies (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0020-7233 • E-ISSN: 1026-7476 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/00207233.2025.2546750 |
| OpenAlex | W4413279949 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 35 |
Domestic wastewater emits significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) – mainly methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) – that contribute to climate change. Accurate estimation is crucial for reducing environmental impacts and informing mitigation strategies. This review examines four main GHG accounting methods: emission factor-based, direct measurements, modelling, and machine learning (ML), focusing on their relevance to Nepal. Emission factor-based methods are widely used for their simplicity but often overestimate CH4 and N2O emissions. Nepal mostly uses the IPCC Tier 1 approach because of data and infrastructure limitations. More precise methods, like direct measurement and ML, when supported by data and capacity, can improve accuracy. Challenges include a lack of country-specific factors, limited data, and weak infrastructure. A phased shift to improved methods, backed by better data collection systems and institutional support, is recommended to meet national climate goals
Biology · Environmental protection · Estimation · Greenhouse gas · Waste management · Wastewater · Water resource management · Ecology · Engineering · Environmental Engineering · Environmental Science · Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal · Wastewater Treatment and Reuse · Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies
| Highly cited | No |
|---|