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Psychological torture

Characteristics and impact on mental health

Bibliographic Data

ID19275121
AuthorsJoseph El‐khoury (0000-0002-4529-6840, American University of Beirut, corresponding author), Riwa Haidar (0000-0002-7005-2039, American University of Beirut), Andres Barkil-Oteo (0000-0003-0184-1998, American University of Beirut)
Year2021
Volume67
Issue5
Pages500-506
Publication date2021-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Journal of Social Psychiatry (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0020-7640 • E-ISSN: 1741-2854
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0020764020961800
PMID32985299
OpenAlexW3088907454
LanguageEN
Citations received5
References cited35

Torture has been illegal in most of Europe and the United States for over a century but persisted in other parts of the world. The changing geopolitical landscape has led to its resurgence in recent years. The public rejection of traditional forms of torture that rely on the infliction of physical pain has paradoxically increased the reliance on psychological methods of torture. This critical commentary aims to define and characterize psychological torture (PT) while exploring practical, legal, ethical and therapeutic implications relevant to clinicians and policymakers. Psychological torture comes in a range of forms. It is being increasingly justified and adopted by legitimate authorities in the name of national security. The emphasis on the avoidance of physical pain leads to the assumption that PT does not produce the levels of suffering and harm that are associated with physically violent forms of torture. This same assumption has allowed for the implication of mental health professionals in theorizing and providing legitimacy for the actions of perpetrators. Psychological torture is still poorly defined with limited understanding of its long-term psychiatric impact on those who are subjected to it. The role of mental health professionals in preventing or addressing psychological torture remains ambiguous and needs to be reinforced

Criminology · Geopolitics · Harm · Human rights · Legitimacy · Mental health · Political science · Politics · Psychiatry · Psychological pain · Public health · Torture · Law · Medicine · Migration, Health and Trauma · Nursing · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research · Psychology · Social Psychology · Torture, Ethics, and Law

  • Effects of psychological torture and cybertorture with emerging digital technologies under anti-torture legal obligations in China

    Open Access•Mingming Hai•International Journal of Law and…•2025

  • Teaching against torture

    Open Access•Victoria Canning•Social Science & Medicine•2026

  • Alleged torture in asylum seekers evaluated during the Arab spring years (2009–2014)

    Open Access•G Pulin, G De Donno et al.•Ethics Medicine and Public Health•2026

  • Correcting the record

    Open Access•Shane M O’Mara•International Journal of Social…•2022

  • A Zemiology of Torturous Violence and the Limits of Law

    Open Access•Victoria Canning•The British Journal of Criminology•2026

  • The development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian adult survivors of war trauma and torture

    Open Access•H M Johnson, Howard Johnson et al.•Clinical Psychology Review•2008

  • Lifetime Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 4 Postconflict Settings

    Joop De Jong, Joop T V M De Jong•JAMA•2001

  • Torture and the Ticking Bomb

    Open Access•Bob Brecher•Torture and the Ticking Bomb•2007

  • Why Torture Doesn't Work

    Shane M O’Mara, Shane O'Mara•Why Torture Doesn't Work•2015

  • The worst scars are in the mind

    Open Access•Hernán Reyes•International Review of the Red…•2007

  • The Effects of Torture

    Ibrahim A Kira, Thomas Templin et al.•Peace and Conflict Journal of…•2006

  • Fighting Torture and Psychologist Complicity

    Open Access•Stephen Soldz•Peace Review•2011

  • The Myth of “Torture Lite”

    Open Access•Jessica Wolfendale•Ethics & International Affairs•2009

  • Experiences of Torture, Means of Coping, and Level of Symptoms among Palestinian Political Prisoners

    Raija-Leena Punamäki•Journal of Palestine Studies•1988

  • Somali and Oromo Refugees

    James M Jaranson, James N Butcher et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2004

  • Torture & modernity

    Darius M Rejali•Torture & modernity•1994

  • The Meaning of Torture

    Open Access•Paul D Kenny•Polity•2010

  • The Fall and Rise of Torture

    Open Access•Christopher J Einolf•Sociological Theory•2007

  • Depsychologizing Torture

    Jan De Vos•Critical Inquiry•2011

Unique citing works5
Citations per year1.25
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 5

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