Diabetes, Obesity, and the Brain

Diabetes and obesity, two major public health concerns, are associated with increased risk for problems in multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system. The adverse effects of diabetes and obesity on cognitive functioning are increasingly well recognized. This special issue of Psychosomatic Medicine features the latest research linking diabetes, obesity, and brain structure, function, and metabolism and follows a special meeting on this topic organized by the American Psychosomatic Society in October 2013. Evidence for the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity is reviewed as it relates to cognitive decline. These articles indicate that the age of onset of Type 1 diabetes may be relevant to future cognitive function and that disease duration of Type 2 diabetes and sociocultural factors are related to cognitive decline during the aging process. The hypothalamus and other neural circuits, notably the dopaminergic system that underlies feeding and reward-related aspects of food intake, are among the key factors involved in obesity. Research on the associations between obesity and cognitive function is described using the positive effects of weight reduction following bariatric surgery or behavioral methods. This special issue concludes with a conceptual framework for linking obesity and diabetes with accelerated cognitive decline as related to the aging process. The collection of articles highlights the importance of using a life span perspective to understand the influence of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes on brain metabolism, function, and structure. Moreover, these studies show that distressing environmental circumstances can adversely influence neurocognitive dysfunction associated with obesity and diabetes

Cognition · Cognitive decline · Dementia · Diabetes mellitus · Disease · Neurocognitive · Obesity · Psychiatry · Type 2 diabetes · Diabetes Management and Research · Diet and metabolism studies · Endocrinology · Internal Medicine · Medicine · Psychology · Regulation of Appetite and Obesity · Gerontology

• Disrupting the Adverse Interplay Between Psychiatric and Medical Illnesses

  Robert N Golden•Psychosomatic Medicine•2016

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• Obesity and the Brain

  Andreana P Haley•Psychosomatic Medicine•2020

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• The Neurobiology of Health Communication

  Peter A Hall, Kirk I Erickson et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2017

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• Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2012

  Open Access•American Diabetes Association•Diabetes Care•2013

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• Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012

  Cynthia L Ogden, Margaret D Carroll et al.•JAMA•2014

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• Executive Function in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

  Corita M Vincent, Corita Vincent et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Glycemia, Diabetes Status, and Cognition in Hispanic Adults Aged 55–64 Years

  José A Luchsinger, Rafi Cabral et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Age of Childhood Onset in Type 1 Diabetes and Functional Brain Connectivity in Midlife

  John P Ryan, Howard Aizenstein et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Job Strain as a Risk Factor for the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  Cornelia Huth, Barbara Thorand et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2014

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• Modulation of Food Reward by Endocrine and Environmental Factors

  Dianne P Figlewicz•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Obesity and Aging

  Gérard N Bischof, Denise C Park•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Is the Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Glucose Metabolism Bidirectional? Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

  Panayotes Demakakos, Paola Zaninotto et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2014

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• Depressive Symptom Clusters as Predictors of 6-Year Increases in Insulin Resistance

  Tasneem Khambaty, John C Stewart et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2014

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• The Association Between Reduced Inflammation and Cognitive Gains After Bariatric Surgery

  Misty A W Hawkins, Michael L Alosco et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Central Adiposity and Cortical Thickness in Midlife

  Sonya Kaur, Mitzi M Gonzales et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Associations Between Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Socioeconomically Diverse African American and White Men and Women

  Gregory A Dore, Shari R Waldstein et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• The Impact of Diabetes on Cerebral Structure and Function

  Elizabeth R Seaquist•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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• Surgical and Nonsurgical Interventions for Obesity in Service of Preserving Cognitive Function

  Andreana P Haley, Michael L Alosco et al.•Psychosomatic Medicine•2015

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