Locations of Covid‐19 vaccination provision
Urban‐rural differences
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19431307 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Grace W Ryan (0000-0002-0354-2644, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Worcester Massachusetts USA, corresponding author), Amanda R Kahl (0000-0003-0041-1654, Department of Epidemiology University of Iowa College of Public Health Iowa City Iowa USA), Don Callaghan (Bureau of Immunization & TB Iowa Health and Human Services Des Moines Iowa USA), Bethany Kintigh (Bureau of Immunization & TB Iowa Health and Human Services Des Moines Iowa USA), Natoshia M Askelson (0000-0002-3464-8214, Department of Community and Behavioral Health University of Iowa College of Public Health Iowa City Iowa USA) |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 476-482 |
| Publication date | 2024-06-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Journal of Rural Health (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0890-765X • E-ISSN: 1748-0361 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/jrh.12811 |
| PMID | 37957524 |
| OpenAlex | W4388671306 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 13 |
PURPOSE: Our goal was to compare locations of COVID-19 vaccine provision in urban and rural communities over the course of the pandemic. METHODS: We used the Iowa Immunization Registry Information System (IRIS) to identify the organizations providing COVID-19 vaccines (eg, pharmacies, public health departments, and medical providers). Proportions of first-dose vaccines by organization type and patient census-based statistical area were generated. We calculated Chi-square tests to assess differences among metropolitan, micropolitan, and noncore communities. FINDINGS: IRIS data revealed that 64% (n = 2,043,251) of Iowans received their first COVID-19 vaccine between December 14, 2020, and December 31, 2022. For metropolitan-dwelling individuals, most first doses were administered at pharmacies (53%), with similar trends observed for micropolitan (49%) and noncore (42%) individuals. The second most common location for metropolitan individuals was medical practices (17%); public health clinics and departments were the second most common provider for micropolitan (26%) and noncore (33%) individuals. These trends shifted over time. In December 2020, hospitals were the most common vaccine provider for everyone, but by December 2022, medical providers were the most common source for metropolitan individuals, and pharmacies were most common for micropolitan and noncore individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Trends in the type of vaccine provider differentiated metropolitan residents from micropolitan and noncore residents. For the latter groups, local public health departments played a more significant role. Across all groups, pharmacists emerged as a critical vaccine provider. Our findings can be used to plan for seasonal vaccine campaigns as well as potential future mass vaccination campaigns
Census · Disease · Environmental health · Family medicine · Geography · Metropolitan area · Pandemic · Population · Public health · Socioeconomics · COVID-19 epidemiological studies · Medicine · Nursing · SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy · Pharmacy
| Citations per year | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2025 - 2025 (1) |
| Highly cited | No |