The development and validation of the HIV/Aids Stigma Instrument – Nurse (Hasi-N)

Bibliographic Data

ID19439710
AuthorsLeana R Uys (a University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa), William L Holzemer (0000-0002-4400-9432, b University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , USA, corresponding author), Maureen L Chirwa (c University of Malawi , Lilongwe , Malawi), Maureen Chirwa (University of Malawi), Priscilla S Dlamini (d University of Swaziland , Mbabane , Swaziland), Minrie Greeff (0000-0003-0921-8463, e North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa), Thecla W Kohi (0000-0002-2859-9348, f Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar Es Salaam , Tanzania), Lucia N Makoae (g National University of Lesotho , Maseru , Lesotho), Anita L Stewart (0000-0002-4967-9013, b University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , USA), Joseph Mullan (b University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , USA), Rene Phetlhu (North-West University), René D Phetlhu (e North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa), Dean Wantland (University of California, San Francisco), Dean J Wantland (b University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , USA), K Durrheim (0000-0003-2926-5953, University of KwaZulu-Natal), Kevin L Durrheim (a University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa), Yvette P Cuca (0000-0002-5674-4741, b University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , USA), Joanne R Naidoo (0000-0001-7208-1901, a University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa)
Year2009
Volume21
Issue2
Pages150-159
Publication date2009-02-01
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAIDS Care (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0954-0121 • E-ISSN: 1360-0451
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/09540120801982889
PMID19229683
PMCIDPMC2716132
OpenAlexW2003526732
LanguageEN
Citations received14
References cited22

Illness-related stigma remains a serious problem in the management of HIV disease in Africa. This article describes a series of study phases conducted to develop and validate an instrument to measure HIV/AIDS-related stigma as perpetrated and experienced by nurses. Data were collected in Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland and Tanzania, from 2004-2006. The first phase was a qualitative study with focus group participants (n=251) to gather emic and etic descriptions of HIV/AIDS-related stigma in the five countries. Based on the qualitative data, a 46-item instrument was developed and tested during a second phase in the same five countries (n=244). The result of this phase was a 33-item, three-factor instrument with an average Cronbach alpha of 0.85. A third phase tested the instrument in 1474 nurses. The result was a final 19-item instrument, the HIV/AIDS Stigma Instrument - Nurse (HASI-N), comprised of two factors (Nurses Stigmatizing Patients and Nurses Being Stigmatized) with a Cronbach alpha of 0.90. Concurrent validity was tested by comparing the level of stigma with job satisfaction and quality of life. A significant negative correlation was found between stigma and job satisfaction. The HASI-N is the first inductively derived instrument measuring stigma experienced and enacted by nurses. It has the potential to be used not only to measure stigma, but also to develop stigma-reduction interventions

Cronbach's alpha · Family medicine · Psychiatry · Psychological intervention · Psychometrics · Tanzania · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health · Clinical Psychology · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions · Medicine · Nursing · Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare · Psychology

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