Drivers and causes of zoonotic diseases

Diseases transmitted between animals and humans are known as zoonotic diseases. The direct and indirect drivers that affect the emergence of zoonotic diseases are numerous and interacting, and their relative impact on the emergence of new diseases differs geographically with natural, cultural, social and economic conditions. In this article, we provide an overview of the concept, status and trends of zoonotic diseases. We focus on the direct drivers with the greatest potential influence on zoonotic disease emergence and which thereby increase the risk of epidemics and pandemics -land-use change, especially resulting from intensified agriculture and livestock production, the trade in wildlife, and wild meat consumption. We also explore evidence accumulated over recent decades that suggests that protected and conserved areas play a measurable and significant role in avoiding land-use change and thus potentially have a role in reducing the exposure to new zoonotic emerging infectious diseases

Disease · Geography · Pathology · Zoonotic disease · Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology · Medicine · Viral Infections and Vectors · Zoonotic diseases and public health · Virology

• Wild meat consumption in zoonotic pandemics in Ghana

  Haruna Abukari, Bright O Kankam•Human Dimensions of Wildlife•2023

  Incluir item

• What’s really at ‘steak’? Understanding the global politics of red and processed meat reduction

  Open Access•Katherine Sievert, Mark Lawrence et al.•Environmental Science & Policy•2022

  Incluir item

• Why we detach from other animals

  Open Access•Maxim Trenkenschuh, Helen Landmann•Group Processes & Intergroup…•2026

  Incluir item

• Wildlife Consumption, Health, and Zoonotic Disease in China After the Emergence of Covid-19

  Open Access•Jessica Bell Rizzolo, Annah Zhu et al.•EcoHealth•2023

  Incluir item

• Wildlife markets, Covid-19 and totalitarianism

  Open Access•Ronald I Orenstein•AMBIO•2021

  Incluir item

• Associations between motivations for and against eating meat with four types of meat engagement

  Open Access•Maxim Trenkenschuh, João Graça et al.•Appetite•2025

  Incluir item

• Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention

  Open Access•Andy Dobson, Andrew P Dobson et al.•Science•2020

  Incluir item

• Host Range and Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens

  Open Access•Mark Woolhouse, Mark E J Woolhouse et al.•Emerging infectious diseases•2005

  Incluir item

• Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

  Open Access•Katlin E Jones, Nikkita G Patel et al.•Nature•2008

  Incluir item

• Role of Brazilian Amazon protected areas in climate change mitigation

  Open Access•Britaldo Soares-Filho, Paulo Moutinho et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2010

  Incluir item

• Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication

  Open Access•Jared M Diamond, Jared Diamond•Nature•2002

  Incluir item

• Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems

  Open Access•Nick M Haddad, Lars A Brudvig et al.•Science Advances•2015

  Incluir item

• Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis

  Open Access•Stephen S Morse, Jonna A K Mazet et al.•The Lancet•2012

  Incluir item

• Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses

  Open Access•Jie Cui, Fang Li et al.•Nature Reviews Microbiology•2019

  Incluir item

• Unhealthy Landscapes

  Open Access•Jonathan A Patz, Peter Daszak et al.•Environmental Health Perspectives•2004

  Incluir item

• Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change

  Open Access•Bryony A Jones, Delia Grace et al.•Proceedings of the National…•2013

  Incluir item

• Risk factors for human disease emergence

  Open Access•Louise Taylor, Louise H Taylor et al.•Philosophical Transactions of the…•2001

  Incluir item

• Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems

  Open Access•Rory Gibb, David W Redding et al.•Nature•2020

  Incluir item

• Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases

  Open Access•Toph Allen, Keith A Murray et al.•Nature Communications•2017

  Incluir item

• Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

  Open Access•Qun Li, Xuhua Guan et al.•New England Journal of Medicine•2020

  Incluir item

• Assessing the Evidence Supporting Fruit Bats as the Primary Reservoirs for Ebola Viruses

  Open Access•Siv Aina J Leendertz, Jan F Gogarten et al.•EcoHealth•2016

  Incluir item

• Can Protected Areas Mitigate Lyme Disease Risk in Fennoscandia

  Open Access•Julien Terraube•EcoHealth•2019

  Incluir item

• Land-Use Change Alters Host and Vector Communities and May Elevate Disease Risk

  Open Access•Fengyi Guo, Timothy C Bonebrake et al.•EcoHealth•2019

  Incluir item

• Land use-induced spillover

  Open Access•Jamie K Reaser, Gary M Tabor et al.•PARKS•2021

  Incluir item

• Mapping the availability of bushmeat for consumption in Central African cities

  Open Access•Julia E Fa, Juliet H Wright et al.•Environmental Research Letters•2019

  Incluir item

• The economics of wildlife farming and endangered species conservation

  Open Access•Richard Damania, Erwin Bulte et al.•Ecological Economics•2007

  Incluir item

• The role of protected areas in supporting human health

  Open Access•Julien Terraube, Álvaro Fernández‐llamazare et al.•Current Opinion in Environmental…•2017

  Incluir item

• Beyond banning wildlife trade

  Open Access•Dilys Roe, Amy Dickman et al.•World Development•2020

  Incluir item

• Cultural attitudes are stronger predictors of bushmeat consumption and preference than economic factors among urban Amazonians from Brazil and Colombia

  Open Access•Carla Morsello, Blanca Yagüe et al.•Conservation Ecology•2015

  Incluir item