Evolution of upwelling in the southwestern Sumatra waters since the middle Holocene
Evidence from mineralogy and geochemistry
Bibliographic Data
Upwelling, extensively developed in the waters surrounding Indonesia, plays a crucial role in shaping marine environment and biogeochemical cycles. However, the variation patterns and driving mechanisms of upwelling during historical periods remain poorly understood. Based on the mineralogical and geochemical data of core sediments, combined with high-precision AMS 14 C dating, it reconstructs the evolutionary history of upwelling in the southwest Sumatra waters since the middle Holocene. The results indicate that the sediments in the study area are primarily derived from the Sumatra Island, the Sunda Shelf, and the Andaman Sea. During the middle Holocene (9-3.8 ka BP), the Ba bio ratios suggest higher productivity, whereas lower Ni/Co and U/Th ratios are indicative of an oxygenated marine environment, all these proxies indicate vertical mixing of the water column in the study area during this period, reflecting upwelling activity. In contrast, the reduced productivity revealed by the decreasing Ba bio as well as increasing Ni/Co and U/Th ratios during the Late Holocene (3.8-0 ka BP), suggest weakening upwelling. A comprehensive analysis of upwelling variations, global climate records and regional hydrodynamic patterns, reveals that the intensity of seasonal monsoons is the dominant control on upwelling variability in the tropical Indian Ocean
Indian ocean · Mineral · Upwelling · Geological and Geophysical Studies · Marine and coastal ecosystems · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
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