Breast size in lactating women and the content of macronutrients in human milk
Datos Bibliográficos
Introduction Although the primary function of a woman's breast is milk synthesis, only a few studies have evaluated the relationship between breast size and human milk composition, showing equivocal results. This study aims to test if breast size during fully established lactation is related to energy density and content of macronutrients in human milk. Materials and Methods Mothers of healthy, born‐on‐term infants at stage III of lactogenesis ( N = 137) provided breast milk samples. Milk composition was analyzed using midinfrared transmission spectroscopy. The breast size index was calculated by dividing the breast by the circumference below the breast. Results Stepwise forward linear regression showed a negative association between breast size index and lactose concentration in breast milk ( β = −.242, p = .003). The final model, which includes breast size index, feeding frequency, and maternal energy intake together explained around 13% of the variance in breast milk lactose content ( R 2 adj = .126, p < .001). No statistically significant relationship was found between breast size index and milk's energy density, protein, and fat content. Conclusion This is the first study that shows a negative relationship between breast size during fully established lactation and lactose concentration in milk in a large sample size. No relationship between other macronutrients and breast size indicates that large breast size is not necessary for adequate milk production; however, it may contribute to an altered lactose concentration
Animal science · Biology · Breast cancer · Breast feeding · Breast milk · Lactation · Lactose · Mammary gland · Pregnancy · Birth, Development, and Health · Breastfeeding Practices and Influences · Chemistry · Infant Nutrition and Health · Medicine · Biochemistry · Endocrinology · Food Science · Internal Medicine · Pediatrics · Physiology
Predictors of Breastfeeding Duration
Human Milk Composition
Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex
An examination of breastmilk composition among high altitude Peruvian women
The relationship between breast size and anthropometric characteristics
Predictors of breast milk macronutrient composition in filipino mothers
Field and laboratory methods in human milk research
Predictors of milk cortisol in North American women
Associations between maternal socioeconomic, psychosocial and seasonal factors, infant characteristics and human milk cortisol concentrations
Maternal birth weight is associated with milk epidermal growth factor in Filipino women
Lactational programming? mother's milk energy predicts infant behavior and temperament in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Primate milk
Centering human milk composition as normal human biological variation
Infant sex predicts breast milk energy content
Breastfeeding and the origins of health
Maternal education and child health
Maternity Leave, Early Maternal Employment and Child Health and Development in the US
Milk at altitude
No evidence for sex biases in milk macronutrients, energy, or breastfeeding frequency in a sample of filipino mothers
Contribution of breast volume and weight to body fat distribution in females
In poor families, mothers' milk is richer for daughters than sons
Maternal breast volume in pregnancy and lactation capacity
Evolutionary Perspectives on Permanent Breast Enlargement in Human Females
| Obras citantes distintas | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citas por año | 1 |
| Intervalo de citas | 2025 - 2025 (1) |
| Velocidad de citación | recent |
| Altamente citado | No |
| Tipos de cita | Neutras: 1 |