Geographical Bases of Remote Sensing Methods of Research of the Accuracy of Lakes Measurement for the Development of Tourism in Northern and Central Kazakhstan

In the context of increased interest in domestic tourism in Kazakhstan, there is a growing need for accurate and up-todate information about natural sites, including lakes, which play an important role in developing ecotourism and recreation. This study uses remote sensing methods to analyze the morphometric characteristics of lakes in Northern and Central Kazakhstan. Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellite data, as well as geographic information systems, are used to assess the accuracy of measurements, compare them with ground data, and form recommendations for the development of tourism areas. The results obtained contribute to the scientific substantiation of spatial planning and sustainable tourism development in the region. Despite the high relevance of the problem of water resource shortage in the steppe zone, the lakes of this natural territory are currently given insufficient attention in scientific research. In the period from 2018 to 2024, studies of lakes in Northern and Central Kazakhstan were carried out thanks to the automated interpretation of space images from Landsat satellites through classification with training in the GIS geographic information system. The number of lakes and the area of their water surface were estimated using several time sections of the lake grouped by size. The analysis of the dynamics of the obtained values and data on the amount of precipitation showed that the nature of the change in the number of lakes and their area coincides with the change in the phases of water content of this territory. The variability of planned outlines of water bodies is related to seasonal fluctuations in water level. Therefore, when choosing the timing of a topographic survey, it is necessary to consider the correspondence of the phase of the water regime to the current state of water bodies. Area hydrological characteristics are one of the most important factors in terms of parameters that determine the area of river flooding and the boundary of snow cover distribution. They are extremely dynamic, so their study requires time-based aerospace photography with an accuracy of up to a day. A time series of space images covering the period from 2018 to 2024 allows monitoring the parameters of water bodies over time, as well as monitoring the emergence of new ones and assessing the condition of existing ones

Economic shortage · Geographic information system · Natural resource · Steppe · Tourism · Water resources · Engineering and Agricultural Innovations · Soil and Environmental Studies · Water Resources and Management