Social Determinants as Mediators of the Emotional State of People With Type 2 Diabetes and/or Hypertension During the Covid‐19 Pandemic in Ecuador and Spain
Dados Bibliográficos
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions on the emotional state of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension in Ecuador and Spain. Given the differences in sociopolitical and socioeconomic contexts between these two countries, the research focused on how these diverse environments and their management of social policies and pandemic strategies influenced the emotional well-being of individuals with chronic illnesses. METHODS: We conducted 36 semi-structured telephone interviews between August and December 2020 with adults diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain). The interviews were recorded, anonymized and transcribed for thematic analysis. This approach allowed us to systematically identify and analyse themes related to the participants' emotional experiences during the pandemic. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant deterioration in the emotional state of participants, attributable to the stress generated by the health crisis and concerns related to their chronic illnesses. The situation elicited a range of emotions among participants, from boredom and apathy to fear, uncertainty and depression. The study highlighted how the impact on emotional well-being was shaped by the interplay between conjunctural determinants (measures to control COVID-19 infections) and structural factors driving inequalities (social class, gender, ethnicity). CONCLUSION: We developed a conceptual framework illustrating how measures to control COVID-19 infections directly influenced economic, health and social determinants, which interacted with pre-existing inequalities and had a differential impact on individuals' emotional well-being. This framework can be useful for designing more effective and equitable social policies during future health crises, ensuring they address social needs and safeguard psychological and emotional well-being, particularly among vulnerable groups such as those with chronic illnesses. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Thirty-six participants diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain) contributed to the study by sharing their emotional experiences during the pandemic. Their detailed accounts enriched the research by providing valuable insights into how the pandemic affected their emotional well-being. There was no additional involvement or contribution from the public in the design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of the study, nor in the preparation of the manuscript
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak · Diabetes mellitus · Disease · Pandemic · Type 2 diabetes · Computer Science · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Diabetes Management and Education · Diabetes Management and Research · Medicine · Psychology · Endocrinology · Internal Medicine · Virology
Hypertension in developing countries
Access to health services for chronic disease care during the Covid-19 pandemic in Ecuador
Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of Covid-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain
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The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Perceived Mental and Physical Health of People Living with Non-Communicable Diseases
Mental health burden of patients with diabetes before and after the initial outbreak of Covid-19
Altered Self-Observations, Unclear Risk Perceptions and Changes in Relational Everyday Life
What is Qualitative in Qualitative Research
Interviewing by Telephone
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