Beware of the ‘telephone effect’
The influence of telephone transmission on the measurement of formant frequencies
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19535331 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Hermann J Künzel (Philipps University of Marburg, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2001 |
| Volume | 8 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 80-99 |
| Publication date | 2001-02-28 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Speech Language and the Law (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1748-8885 • E-ISSN: 1748-8893 |
| Publisher | University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1558/ijsll.v8i1.80 |
| OpenAlex | W2077431487 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 16 |
| References cited | 4 |
Speech scientists often have to work with speech signals that have been transmitted over the telephone. Although the acoustic properties of telephone transmission such as the band-pass filter characteristics are well known, little attention has been paid to their effect on the measurement of speech parameters. This study deals with artefacts introduced by the lower cut-off slope of the transmission channel on vowel formants. For theoretical reasons, frequency components may be assumed to be attenuated the lower they are. Therefore F1 of most vowels can be expected to be affected most. Attenuation of the lower components of a formant will necessarily increase the relative weight of the higher components for the determination of a formant and thus cause an artificial upward shift of its centre frequency. An empirical investigation with directly and telephone-transmitted samples from ten male and ten female subjects shows that the predicted effect on F1 does in fact occur for all tested vowels except /a/, whose F1 is too high to be affected by the slope of the band-pass. The consequences of measurement errors arising from such artefacts are discussed with special reference to speaker identification and empirical dialectology
Acoustics · Attenuation · Dialectology · Formant · Linguistics · Physics · Speech recognition · Telecommunications · Vowel · Computer Science · Phonetics and Phonology Research · Speech and Audio Processing · Speech Recognition and Synthesis
The Study of Variation from Two Perspectives
The DyViS database
Acoustic and perceptual effects of telephone transmission on vowel quality
Variation and change in the trap and strut vowels of RP
Voice Modulations in German Ironic Speech
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics
Sharing innovative methods, data and knowledge across sociophonetics and forensic speech science
Three steps forward for predictability. Consideration of methodological robustness, indexical and prosodic factors, and replication in the laboratory
Native speech plasticity in the German-English late bilingual Stefanie Graf
Examining the implications of speech accommodation for forensic speaker comparison casework
Sub-band cepstral distance as an alternative to formants
The ‘telephone effect’ on formants
Forensic study of a case involving SMS text-to-speech conversion
Variability in analyst decisions during the computation of numerical likelihood ratios
The contribution of dynamic versus static formant information in conversational speech
Speaker-specific formant dynamics
| Unique citing works | 16 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 0,67 |
| Citation span | 2002 - 2022 (21) |
| Citation velocity | historical |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 11 |