Autonomous Driving Ethics
From Trolley Problem to Ethics of Risk
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19563239 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Maximilian Geisslinger (0000-0002-6079-1348, Technical University of Munich, corresponding author), Franziska Poszler (0000-0002-8135-6062, Technical University of Munich), Johannes Betz (0000-0001-9197-2849, Technical University of Munich), Christoph Lütge (0000-0002-3870-4789, Technical University of Munich), Markus Lienkamp (0000-0002-9263-5323, Technical University of Munich) |
| Year | 2021 |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1033-1055 |
| Publication date | 2021-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Philosophy & Technology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2210-5433 • E-ISSN: 2210-5441 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s13347-021-00449-4 |
| OpenAlex | W3155745143 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 14 |
| References cited | 42 |
In 2017, the German ethics commission for automated and connected driving released 20 ethical guidelines for autonomous vehicles. It is now up to the research and industrial sectors to enhance the development of autonomous vehicles based on such guidelines. In the current state of the art, we find studies on how ethical theories can be integrated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no framework for motion planning has yet been published which allows for the true implementation of any practical ethical policies. This paper makes four contributions: Firstly, we briefly present the state of the art based on recent works concerning unavoidable accidents of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and identify further need for research. While most of the research focuses on decision strategies in moral dilemmas or crash optimization, we aim to develop an ethical trajectory planning for all situations on public roads. Secondly, we discuss several ethical theories and argue for the adoption of the theory “ethics of risk.” Thirdly, we propose a new framework for trajectory planning, with uncertainties and an assessment of risks. In this framework, we transform ethical specifications into mathematical equations and thus create the basis for the programming of an ethical trajectory. We present a risk cost function for trajectory planning that considers minimization of the overall risk, priority for the worst-off and equal treatment of people. Finally, we build a connection between the widely discussed trolley problem and our proposed framework
Engineering ethics · Management science · Trajectory · Computer Science · Engineering · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Human-Automation Interaction and Safety · Technology, Environment, Urban Planning
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Framing the Gamer’s Dilemma
Moral judgment in realistic traffic scenarios
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The German Act on Autonomous Driving
A practical role-based approach for autonomous vehicle moral dilemmas
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Moral reasoning behind the veil of ignorance
Les quatre éthiques de l'intelligence artificielle
Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions
Investigating the Importance of Trust on Adopting an Autonomous Vehicle
The Moral Machine experiment
The Ethics of Accident-Algorithms for Self-Driving Cars
The Trolley Problem
How Much Information?
Qalys
Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence
A Theory of Justice
The Difficulty of Tolerance
Who Should Bear the Risk When Self‐Driving Vehicles Crash
Risikoethik
The German Ethics Code for Automated and Connected Driving
Technology and the Virtues
The Value of Health and Longevity
| Unique citing works | 14 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,8 |
| Citation span | 2021 - 2026 (6) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 12 |