Anti-Indigenous Racism and its Impacts in the Oral Health Care of Indigenous Women, Two-Spirit, Transgender, and Gender-Diverse Peoples in Canada

Oral health care is just one example of the pervasive impacts of Anti-Indigenous Racism (AIR) on various facets of Indigenous health, with Indigenous Peoples in Canada experiencing poorer oral health than their non-Indigenous counterparts. However, there is limited investigation into the specific oral health experiences of Indigenous Women, Two-Spirit, Transgender, and Gender Diverse (IW2STGD+) Peoples. To address this gap, a mixed-methods research study was conducted. The study engaged IW2STGD+ Peoples in exploring their oral health care experiences, focusing on racism and discrimination. Surveys, along with virtual and in-person Sharing Circles, were conducted with IW2STGD+ individuals and oral healthcare providers across Turtle Island and Inuit Nunangat. Engagements with IW2STGD+ Peoples and oral healthcare providers yielded insights into shortcomings, accessibility issues, and service needs related to oral health care. The research study resulted in the development of recommendations and potential metrics for success aimed at enhancing the overall experience of IW2STGD+ individuals with oral health care needs. Aligned with the Calls to Action outlined by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, addressing AIR in oral health care education, access, and delivery remains a crucial component of advancing reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples

Commission · Health care · Indigenous · Oral health · Oral history · Racism · Service delivery framework · Service provider · Dental Health and Care Utilization · Indigenous Health, Education, and Rights · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy