What, how and who

Cost-effectiveness analyses of Covid-19 vaccination to inform key policies in Nigeria

Bibliographic Data

ID19593272
AuthorsFrancis Ruiz (0000-0001-5183-3959, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Sergio Torres‐rueda (0000-0002-6335-6392, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Sergio Torres-Rueda, Carl A B Pearson (0000-0003-0701-7860, Stellenbosch University, corresponding author), Eleanor Bergren (0000-0001-8270-5677, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Chinyere Cecilia Okeke (0000-0002-2599-537X, University of Nigeria, corresponding author), Simon R Procter (0000-0002-0380-1503, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Aurora Mateos Montero (0000-0001-8114-8039, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Mark Jit (0000-0001-6658-8255, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Anna Vassall (0000-0002-2911-1375, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, corresponding author), Benjamin Uzochukwu (0000-0002-0794-0455, University of Nigeria, corresponding author), Benjamin S C Uzochukwu
EditorsJulia Robinson (0000-0003-0719-3995)
Year2023
Volume3
Issue3
Pagese0001693
Publication date2023-03-22
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenuePLOS Global Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2767-3375 • E-ISSN: 2767-3375
PublisherPublic Library of Science (PLoS) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1371/journal.pgph.0001693
PMID36963054
OpenAlexW4353042413
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited18

While safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines have achieved high coverage in high-income settings, roll-out remains slow in sub-Saharan Africa. By April 2022, Nigeria, a country of over 200 million people, had only distributed 34 million doses. To ensure the optimal use of health resources, cost-effectiveness analyses can inform key policy questions in the health technology assessment process. We carried out several cost-effectiveness analyses exploring different COVID-19 vaccination scenarios in Nigeria. In consultation with Nigerian stakeholders, we addressed three key questions: what vaccines to buy, how to deliver them and what age groups to target. We combined an epidemiological model of virus transmission parameterised with Nigeria specific data with a costing model that incorporated local resource use assumptions and prices, both for vaccine delivery as well as costs associated with care and treatment of COVID-19. Scenarios of vaccination were compared with no vaccination. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were estimated in terms of costs per disability-adjusted life years averted and compared to commonly used cost-effectiveness ratios. Viral vector vaccines are cost-effective (or cost saving), particularly when targeting older adults. Despite higher efficacy, vaccines employing mRNA technologies are less cost-effective due to high current dose prices. The method of delivery of vaccines makes little difference to the cost-effectiveness of the vaccine. COVID-19 vaccines can be highly effective and cost-effective (as well as cost-saving), although an important determinant of the latter is the price per dose and the age groups prioritised for vaccination. From a health system perspective, viral vector vaccines may represent most cost-effective choices for Nigeria, although this may change with price negotiation

Activity-based costing · Business · Cost effectiveness · Economic growth · Economics · Environmental health · Health care · Vaccination · COVID-19 epidemiological studies · Medicine · SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research · Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy · Immunology · Marketing

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