Defining “Fake News”
A typology of scholarly definitions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19600682 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Edson C Tandoc (0000-0002-8740-9313, Nanyang Technological University, corresponding author), Zheng Wei Lim (0000-0003-1307-2399, Nanyang Technological University, corresponding author), Richard Ling (Nanyang Technological University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 137-153 |
| Publication date | 2017-08-30 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Digital Journalism (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2167-0811 • E-ISSN: 2167-082X |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/21670811.2017.1360143 |
| OpenAlex | W2751589903 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 720 |
| References cited | 34 |
This paper is based on a review of how previous studies have defined and operationalized the term “fake news.” An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news” between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news parody, fabrication, manipulation, advertising, and propaganda. These definitions are based on two dimensions: levels of facticity and deception. Such a typology is offered to clarify what we mean by fake news and to guide future studies
Fake news · Internet privacy · Political science · Public relations · Computer Science · Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection · Media Influence and Politics · Misinformation and Its Impacts
Perceptions of Fake News Among HBCU Undergraduate Students
The afterlives of propaganda
Debate sobre los debates electorales y nuevas formas de comunicación política
Da imprensa alternativa às redes sociais
Fake news and declining media trust during Covid 19 pandemic
We Still Living
Fake news and its impact on trust in the news. Using the Portuguese case to establish lines of differentiation
Narratives of Public Diplomacy in the post-Truth Era
Covid-19 vaccine disinformation on YouTube
Fake News
Humour and intertextuality in online spoof news
The Hashtag Game
Facebook or Fakebook? How users’ perceptions of ‘fake news’ are related to their evaluation and verification of news on Facebook
Stop studying “fake news” (we can still fight against disinformation in the media)
Countering misinformation
Susceptibility to mis- and disinformation and the effectiveness of fact-checkers
Dealing with deepfakes – an interdisciplinary examination of the state of research and implications for communication studies
Source Information Affects Interpretations of the News across Multiple Age Groups in the United States
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Fake News
Hive Mind Online
Desinformações sobre gênero e sexualidade e as disputas pelos limites da moralidade
Tipologia de mensagens falsas sobre a covid-19 no Brasil
Vacinas e desinformação
Antivacina, fosfoetanolamina e Mineral Miracle Solution (MMS)
A systematic mapping on automatic classification of fake news in social media
Revisiting Hallin and Mancini's Media Model
Infodemia, desinformação e vacinas
Historical Semantics of the Class Concept in Academic Literature
Non-Economic Structure of Consumer Sentiments
Charisma and Everyday Life in the Economic Field
Do Subsidized Rice and Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Affect Poor Households' Food Consumption Expenditures? A Difference-inDifferences Approach
Digital Capitalism and Distributive Forces (excerpt)
Measuring Corruption in the Irkutsk Region
Jóvenes y fake news. Un análisis sociodemográfico aplicado al caso andaluz
Cultural Variance in Reception and Interpretation of Social Media Covid-19 Disinformation in French-Speaking Regions
Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy
Exercício de cidadania ativa e participação através dos média
Desinformação, plataformas, pandemia
Acusações, notícias “falsas” e críticas na censura do site Crusoé pelo STF
A desinformação no Brasil durante a pandemia de Covid-19
Fake News e Covid-19
Jornalismo de coalizão
Audiences’ acts of authentication in the age of fake news
Jornalismo nas mídias sociais
Percepción de las noticias falsas en universitarios de Portugal
Deontología y noticias falsas
Fact checking
Desinformación en las elecciones presidenciales 2018 en Brasil
Journalism Education and Fake News
Historia del "fake" audiovisual
Fake News durante la Primera Guerra Mundial
Cultural Critique
On the metapragmatics of ‘conspiracy theory
Tackling fake news in socially mediated public spheres
Verifying online information
Concerns about the role of artificial intelligence in journalism, and media manipulation
How fact-checkers delimit their scope of practices and use sources
Disinformation discourse as boundary work in journalism. A comparison between South Africa and France
Misinformation, disinformation, and fake news? Proposing a typology framework of false information
Epistemology and Journalism
Fact-checking platforms in Spanish. Features, organisation and method
Social Media and International Relations
The Platformisation of Consumer Culture
Social Media and Democracy
A Survey of Fake News
The Paradox of Participation Versus Misinformation
Conferring Resistance to Digital Disinformation
Misinformation, Disinformation, and Online Propaganda
“Fake News” and Emerging Online Media Ecosystem
The Reception of Fake News
Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories and Misinformation About Covid-19
“Fact-Checking Africa”
Stop talking about fake news!
Fake news, social media and marketing
Read All About It
Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization
Global Mistrust in News
Satire vor Gericht
Erwachsenenpädagogische Digitalisierungsforschung
“I know it’s a deepfake”
The effect of social approval on perceptions following social media message sharing applied to fake news
Effects of the news finds me perception on algorithmic news attitudes and social media political homophily
Desinfaketion Hub
Multimodal disinformation about otherness on the internet. The spread of racist, xenophobic and Islamophobic fake news in 2020
Navigating the complexity of visual misinformation
Media matters
Exploring the impact of social media exposure patterns on people’s belief in fake news during Covid-19
Deception as a Bridging Concept in the Study of Disinformation, Misinformation, and Misperceptions
Disinformation as a context-bound phenomenon
Introducing a praxeological framework for studying disinformation
Developing Fake News Immunity
The detection of political deepfakes
Issue stance and perceived journalistic motives explain divergent audience perceptions of fake news
Avoiding real news, believing in fake news? Investigating pathways from information overload to misbelief
What predicts people’s belief in Covid-19 misinformation? A retrospective study using a nationwide online survey among adults residing in the United States
From Social Media with News
“If This account is True, It is Most Enormously Wonderful”
Les téléphones mobiles, un outil de désinformation ? La circulation des informations peu fiables dans Twitter lors de la campagne présidentielle française de 2017
Diffusion of disinformation
Navigating the Scholarly Terrain
The Invasion from Mars
Mediating the Message in the 21st Century
Participatory Journalism
Citizen Journalism
News Bots
Making news
Changing Patterns of News Consumption and Participation
Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility
Mesoamerican Writing Systems
Twittering the News
Fake News
Commentaries
Satirical Fake News and/as American Political Discourse
Normalizing Twitter
The role of site features, user attributes, and information verification behaviors on the perceived credibility of web-based information
"The Impact of Real News about "Fake News
The “Gate Keeper
Miley, CNN and The Onion
The Newspeople
The Journalist Is Marketing the News
The sociology of news production
Anyone can know
Manufacturing consent
The Daily Show
Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election
Tweet, but verify
| Unique citing works | 720 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 12,86 |
| Citation span | 1970 - 2026 (57) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 665 |