Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Codes of the Underworld

How Criminals Communicate

Bibliographic Data

ID19611151
AuthorsDiego Gambetta (0000-0002-1655-6615, corresponding author)
Year2009
Pages368
Publication date2009-08-16
Open AccessNo
TypeBOOK
VenueCodes of the Underworld (SOURCE_BOOK)
PublisherPrinceton University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1515/9781400833610
WikidataQ111716570
OpenAlexW1576929797
Open LibraryOL29114882M
ISBN9781400833610
LanguageEN
Citations received263

How do criminals communicate with each other? Unlike the rest of us, people planning crimes can't freely advertise their goods and services, nor can they rely on formal institutions to settle disputes and certify quality. They face uniquely intense dilemmas as they grapple with the basic problems of whom to trust, how to make themselves trusted, and how to handle information without being detected by rivals or police. In this book, one of the world's leading scholars of the mafia ranges from ancient Rome to the gangs of modern Japan, from the prisons of Western countries to terrorist and pedophile rings, to explain how despite these constraints, many criminals successfully stay in business. Diego Gambetta shows that as villains balance the lure of criminal reward against the fear of dire punishment, they are inspired to unexpected feats of subtlety and ingenuity in communication. He uncovers the logic of the often bizarre ways in which inveterate and occasional criminals solve their dilemmas, such as why the tattoos and scars etched on a criminal's body function as lines on a professional résumé, why inmates resort to violence to establish their position in the prison pecking order, and why mobsters are partial to nicknames and imitate the behavior they see in mafia movies. Even deliberate self-harm and the disclosure of their crimes are strategically employed by criminals to convey important messages. By deciphering how criminals signal to each other in a lawless universe, this gruesomely entertaining and incisive book provides a quantum leap in our ability to make sense of their actions

Computer security · Criminology · Harm · Physics · Political science · Programming language · Sociology · World Wide Web · Computer Science · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance · Law · Communication · Criminals · Social conditions

  • Populism, Counter-Liberalism and Charisma

    Open Access•Thomas Osborne•International Journal of Politics…•2026

  • Atmospheric Production of Nostalgia

    Open Access•Anna Sergi•International Journal of Politics…•2026

  • The hierarchy of virtue

    Open Access•R B Bird, B A Scelza et al.•Evolution and Human Behavior•2012

  • The illegal, the illicit and new geographies of uneven development

    Ray Hudson•Territory Politics Governance•2018

  • Network subversion

    Open Access•Usic Kim, Mark D Whitaker•International journal of law,…•2012

  • Profit, or power? Towards a construction of organized crime in Czech policy

    Open Access•Petr Kupka, Václav Walach et al.•International journal of law,…•2021

  • Criminal constitutions

    Peter T Leeson, David Skarbek•Global Crime•2010

  • Deliberate By-Catch of the Caspian Seal and the Development of Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) in Dagestan, Russia

    Open Access•Ilya Ermolin•Journal of Economic Sociology•2019

  • Academic Dishonesty in Modern Universities

    Open Access•Evgeniia Shmeleva•Journal of Economic Sociology•2015

  • The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on BRICS Migrants in the Russian Federation

    Open Access•Azamat Valei, Suleiman Mamman et al.•Journal of Economic Sociology•2024

  • Social Mobility of Russians in Terms of Life Chances and Risks

    Open Access•Ekaterina Slobodenyuk•Journal of Economic Sociology•2022

  • Self-Employment, Secondary Jobholding, and Labor Income Inequality

    Open Access•Anna Lukyanova•Journal of Economic Sociology•2022

  • Unnecessary Items, Waste Issue and Solidarity Practices Among Russian Consumers

    Open Access•Marina Shabanova, Марина Андриановна Шабанова•Journal of Economic Sociology•2024

  • Throwing Food Away and Food Rescue Practices in Russia (Microlevel Analysis)

    Open Access•Marina Shabanova, Марина Андриановна Шабанова•Journal of Economic Sociology•2022

  • Educational and Career Trajectories of the Students Completed Vocational and Then College Degree

    Open Access•Elizaveta Korotkikh•Journal of Economic Sociology•2024

  • Fieldwork Challenges Stemming from Doing Studies in Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT)

    Open Access•Ilya Ermolin, Linas Svolkinas et al.•Journal of Economic Sociology•2022

  • Platform Capitalism (excerpts)

    Open Access•Nik Srnicek•Journal of Economic Sociology•2019

  • Happiness is the Wrong Metric

    Open Access•Amitai Etzioni•Journal of Economic Sociology•2024

  • Interview with Tatiana Karabchuk. International Comparisons, Social Impacts of Labor Instability, and the Secrets of Academic Happiness

    Open Access•T Karabchuk•Journal of Economic Sociology•2019

  • International Conference “Interfaces between Legality and Illegality in Markets”, February 5–6, 2015, Cologne, Germany

    Open Access•Zoya Kotelnikova•Journal of Economic Sociology•2015

  • Organizational Specifics of the Volunteer Movement

    Open Access•Marina Spirina•Journal of Economic Sociology•2015

  • Illegal Wildlife Trade

    Open Access•Ilya Ermolin•Journal of Economic Sociology•2024

  • Exodus

    Open Access•Paul Collier•Journal of Economic Sociology•2015

  • A Theory of Fields (Excerpt)

    Open Access•Neil Fligstein, Doug Mcadam•Journal of Economic Sociology•2022

  • Identity Signaling with Social Capital

    Open Access•Jonah Berger, Jonah A Berger et al.•SSRN Electronic Journal•2011

  • Transidioma

    Open Access•Marco Jacquemet•Revista da Anpoll•2016

  • Getting Ahead in Rural China

    Graeme Smith•Journal of Contemporary China•2014

  • Disguises and the Origins of Clothing

    Open Access•William Buckner•Human Nature•2021

  • Gender, Stereotypes, and Trust in Communication

    Open Access•E Schniter, Timothy W Shields•Human Nature•2020

  • Illegal diversification strategies in the farming community from a UK perspective

    Open Access•Robert Smith, Rob Smith et al.•Journal of Rural Studies•2017

  • Vertical organizations, flat networks

    Open Access•Andrew T Krajewski, D Dellaposta et al.•Social Networks•2022

  • Multilevel determinants of collaboration between organised criminal groups

    Open Access•James A Coutinho, Tomáš Diviák et al.•Social Networks•2020

  • The co-evolution of gossip and friendship in workplace social networks

    Open Access•L Ellwardt, C Steglich et al.•Social Networks•2012

  • Who are the objects of positive and negative gossip at work

    Open Access•L Ellwardt, Giuseppe Labianca et al.•Social Networks•2011

  • Avoidance, antipathy, and aggression

    Open Access•M Kros, Eva Jaspers et al.•Social Networks•2021

  • Al-Qaeda’s Strategic Gamble

    Open Access•Domenico Tosini•The Canadian Journal of Sociology•2010

  • The application of Signalling Theory to health-related trust problems

    Open Access•K Hampshire, Heather Hamill et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2017

  • The Use of Field Experiments to Study Mechanisms of Discrimination

    Open Access•M Keuschnigg, T Wolbring•Analyse & Kritik•2016

  • If You Want to Get Paid, You've Got to Do It

    Dev Rup Maitra, Robert Mclean et al.•Deviant Behavior•2018

  • Was it a washout? Analyzing the influence of a high intensity, countywide gang crackdown on the formation of new co-offending relationships

    Open Access•Thomas Bryan Smith•Journal of Criminal Justice•2025

  • The effect of prison gang membership on recidivism

    Open Access•Brendan D Dooley, Alan Seals et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice•2014

  • The utility of social network analysis to examine conflict and collaboration across boundaries

    Open Access•David Bright, Chad Whelan et al.•Journal of Criminal Justice•2025

  • Gang crackdowns and offender centrality in a countywide co-offending network

    Open Access•Thomas Bryan Smith•Journal of Criminal Justice•2021

  • Criminal network resilience

    Open Access•Deborah Manzi•Journal of Criminal Justice•2025

  • Beyond the collective

    Open Access•Caterina G Roman, Thuy-Trinh Nguyen•Journal of Criminal Justice•2024

  • Gossip, Decision-making and Deterrence in Drug Markets

    Timothy Dickinson, Richard Wright•The British Journal of Criminology•2015

  • The Appearance of Nothingness

    Carmelo Lombardo, Lorenzo Sabetta•Oxford Handbook of Symbolic…•2021

  • Comparative Approaches to the Study of Prison Gangs and Prison Order

    David Skarbek, Kaitlyn Woltz•Oxford Handbook of Gangs and…•2024

  • Exemplary Ethics in Ancient Rome

    Rebecca Langlands•Exemplary Ethics in Ancient Rome•2018

  • The Political Economy of the American Frontier

    Open Access•Ilia Murtazashvili•Political Economy of the American…•2013

  • Mafias, Criminology of

    Open Access•Gavin Slade•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Game-theoretic models

    W Przepiorka•Research Handbook on Analytical…•2021

  • Crime

    Open Access•A V Papachristos, Sandy Y Zhao•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • The Others as Social Context

    Open Access•A Diekmann•Emerging Trends in the Social and…•2016

  • Erving Goffman and Dramaturgical Sociology

    Open Access•Philip Manning•Cambridge Handbook of Social Theory•2020

  • Prosocial signaling and cooperation among Martu hunters

    Open Access•R B Bird, Eleanor A Power•Evolution and Human Behavior•2015

  • Why Do People Hurt Themselves? A New Conceptual Model of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

    Open Access•Jill M Hooley, Joseph C Franklin•Clinical Psychological Science•2018

  • Illicit Network Dynamics

    Open Access•David Bright, J Koskinen et al.•Journal of Quantitative Criminology•2019

  • The Evolution of Social Norms

    H Peyton Young•Annual Review of Economics•2015

  • Becoming a Man in Al-Wihdat

    Open Access•L Achilli•International Journal Middle East…•2015

  • Order without Law

    W Przepiorka, L Norbutas et al.•European Sociological Review•2017

  • The Resilience of the Russian mafia

    Open Access•Federico Varese, Jakub Lonsky et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2021

  • Social Structure and Bonhomie

    Kevin Moran•The British Journal of Criminology•2015

  • Triad Organized Crime in Macau Casinos

    T Wing Lo, Sharon Ingrid Kwok•The British Journal of Criminology•2016

  • In the shadow

    Jens Beckert, Frank Wehinger•Socio-Economic Review•2013

  • Why Should I Trust You With My Money?’

    Open Access•Federico Varese, Peng Wang et al.•The British Journal of Criminology•2019

  • Recruiting Refugees for Militarization

    Open Access•Roos Haer, Tobias Hecker•Journal of Refugee Studies•2018

  • Simple Heuristics in a Social World

    Ralph Hertwig, Ulrich Hoffrage et al.•Social rationality•2012

  • Modeling Interactions in Small Groups

    Open Access•D R Heise•Social Psychology Quarterly•2013

  • Risk actants and the socio-technical evolution of illicit drug markets through time

    Mark Berry•Drugs, Habits and Social Policy•2026

  • Entrepreneurial elements of human smuggling rings

    Open Access•Fabrizio Costantino, Andrea Di Nicola•Trends in Organized Crime•2021

  • Leadership and the strategic emotional manipulation of political identity

    Open Access•Rose Mcdermott•The Leadership Quarterly•2020

  • No two gangs are alike

    Open Access•Andrew Whittaker, James A Densley et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2020

  • Aproximaciones teóricas para una explicación de la violencia carcelaria interpersonal

    Open Access•Alejandro Arévalo Sarce•Revista de Estudios de la Justicia•2023

  • Monitoring new and emerging technologies in order to prevent extremism and terrorist violence

    Open Access•Christian Büscher, Isabel Kusche•Technological Forecasting and…•2025

  • The social order of illegal markets in cyberspace

    Open Access•Wanlin Lin, Peng Wang•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2024

  • Intergenerational and technological changes in mafia-type groups

    Open Access•Anna Sergi, Anita Lavorgna•SN Social Sciences•2024

  • Symbols and reputation in a corruption network

    Open Access•A Vannucci, Davide Torsello•SN Social Sciences•2025

  • “The obligation of a promise” as a problem of double contingency

    Open Access•Christian Büscher•Systems Research and Behavioral…•2022

  • Exploring trust signals and pathways on cybercrime-as-a-service markets

    Open Access•Hannah Maartje Kool, Asier Moneva et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2026

  • The nineteenth-century thugs of india

    Open Access•Melvin Soudijn•Trends in Organized Crime•2026

  • The organization of Danish gangs

    Open Access•Stefan Kirkegaard Sløk-Madsen, Stefan Kirkegaard Sløk‐Madsen et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2021

  • ‘Familiness’ diversification and recognition

    Open Access•Anna Sergi•Trends in Organized Crime•2026

  • Walls of silence and organized crime

    Open Access•Robert A Roks, Edwin W Kruisbergen et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2024

  • Butcher or be butchered

    Open Access•Qiaoyu Luo, Yun Zhao et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2025

  • Under a setting sun

    Open Access•Martina Baradel, Jacopo Bortolussi•Trends in Organized Crime•2021

  • Networked territorialism

    Open Access•Andrew Clark, Andy Clark et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2021

  • When corruption creates its Mafia. The “middle-world” case in Rome

    Open Access•A Vannucci•Trends in Organized Crime•2024

  • Differentiating criminal networks in the illegal wildlife trade

    Open Access•Tessa Wyatt, Tanya Wyatt et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2020

  • Governing the underworld

    Open Access•Reynell Badillo Sarmiento, Luis Fernando Trejos Rosero et al.•Trends in Organized Crime•2025

  • Social signalling as a framework for second-person neuroscience

    Open Access•Pilar Pérez-Fuentes Hernández, Roser Cañigueral et al.•Psychonomic Bulletin & Review•2022

  • Trust Factors in the Social Figuration of Online Drug Trafficking

    Open Access•Ákos Szigeti, Richard Frank et al.•Journal of Contemporary Criminal…•2023

  • Rationalität und Normativität

    Open Access•Michael Schmid•Österreichische Zeitschrift für…•2022

  • Political competition and discretionary procedures in public procurement

    Open Access•Alessandro Cavalieri•European Journal of Law and…•2025

  • Violent disequilibrium

    Open Access•Alberto Aziani•Crime Law and Social Change•2020

  • Co-offending and the Persistence of Violence

    Open Access•Cecilia Meneghini, F Calderoni•Journal of Quantitative Criminology•2024

  • Trusting the Untrustworthy

    Jacob T N Young, Dana L Haynie•Justice Quarterly•2022

  • Correlates of the victim–offender overlap based on daily conflict-Level data from digital diaries

    Open Access•Bruce G Taylor, Elizabeth A Mumford et al.•Criminal Justice and Behavior•2022

  • Organized Crime, Corruption, and Economic Growth

    Open Access•Tamara Fioroni, Andrea Mario Lavezzi et al.•Journal of Regional Science•2025

  • Interactional privilege of violence

    Open Access•Hakan Kalkan, H Copes•Criminology•2026

Unique citing works263
Citations per year16,44
Citation span2010 - 2026 (17)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 217

Tools

Open DOILibgen
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae