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The Made-Up State

Technology, Trans Femininity, and Citizenship in Indonesia

Bibliographic Data

ID19906962
AuthorsB Hegarty (0000-0002-5240-1143, corresponding author)
Year2022
Publication date2022-12-15
Open AccessYes
TypeBOOK
VenueThe Made-Up State (SOURCE_BOOK)
PublisherCornell University Press (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1515/9781501766664
OpenAlexW4310913965
ISBN9781501766664
LanguageEN
Citations received13

In The Made-Up State , Benjamin Hegarty contends that warias, who compose one of Indonesia's trans feminine populations, have cultivated a distinctive way of captivating the affective, material, and spatial experiences of belonging to a modern public sphere. Combining historical and ethnographic research, Hegarty traces the participation of warias in visual and bodily technologies, ranging from psychiatry and medical transsexuality to photography and feminine beauty. The concept of development deployed by the modern Indonesian state relies on naturalizing the binary of "male" and "female." As historical brokers between gender as a technological system of classifying human difference and state citizenship, warias shaped the contours of modern selfhood even while being positioned as nonconforming within it. The Made-Up State illuminates warias as part of the social and technological format of state rule, which has given rise to new possibilities for seeing and being seen as a citizen in postcolonial Indonesia

Programming language · State (computer science) · Anthropological Studies and Insights · Asian Studies and History · Computer Science · Race, Genetics, and Society

  • The made-up state: Technology, trans femininity, and citizenship in Indonesia , by Benjamin Hegarty

    Open Access•Ho Lam Roland Cheng•Journal of Urban Affairs•2026

  • Mortal relationality

    Open Access•Sylvia Tidey•Journal of the Royal Anthropologica…•2026

  • Queer Muslim Subjectivity

    Thimm, Viola Thimm•Current Anthropology•2026

  • Identity Cards, Semiotic Instability, and Signs of State Recognition for Indonesian Warias

    Open Access•B Hegarty•Visual Anthropology Review•2022

  • From ‘sumandak’ to beauty queen

    Vilashini Somiah•South East Asia Research•2025

  • Style on Trial

    Open Access•Carla Jones•Comparative Studies in Society…•2024

  • Sex, crime and entertainment

    B Hegarty•Indonesia and the Malay World•2022

  • Aesthetic citizenship, beauty politics and the state

    Open Access•Anne Kukuczka, Claudia Liebelt•Citizenship Studies•2024

  • Glamorous citizens

    Open Access•Ewa Majczak•Citizenship Studies•2024

  • Research, HIV/Aids, and Turning Waria into a Key Population in Indonesia

    B Hegarty, F Thajib et al.•Medical Anthropology•2025

  • Trans people making the hajj to Mecca

    Syamsurijal, Syamsurijal Syamsurijal et al.•Indonesia and the Malay World•2023

  • A queer footnote

    Open Access•B Hegarty•American Ethnologist•2024

  • The Biosocial Body

    Open Access•B Hegarty•Ethos•2021

Unique citing works13
Citations per year2,6
Citation span2021 - 2026 (6)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 10

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