The Portuguese occupation of Malacca in 1511 and China’s response

In the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese invaded Southeast Asia and occupied Malacca, which was then a tributary of China. The fall of Malacca marked the turning point in the relationship between China and Southeast Asia. Thereafter, China lost its previous prestige in Southeast Asia, and the influence of the Ming state in Southeast Asia waned steadily, making it difficult to sustain tributary relations. The tributary exchanges between China and other countries date back to the Han Dynasty. Countries in the western region, big and small alike gave their allegiance to Ming China and vied with one another in presenting treasures to China. A suzerain-dependency relationship with a certain amount of binding force had emerged between China and various other polities. The Portuguese occupation of Malacca constituted a major event in the international relations of Southeast Asia, and also marked a turning point in the relationship between China and Southeast Asia

Archaeology · China · Geography · Linguistics · Portuguese · Global Maritime and Colonial Histories · Maritime Security and History · Philosophy

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