Anthropologists, international organisations and the establishment of the Global Indigenous Movement Network

This chapter draws on transnational advocacy and discursive actions to promote the innovative ideas about indigenous rights that had begun to develop since the late 1960s. These activities were organised in a similar way to what had occurred forty years earlier within the former integrationist paradigm: as a first step, theoretical and anthropological discussions within international gatherings of activists and social scientists were organised. The funding and support of these events partly derived from the United Nations (UN), the World Council of Churches, the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) and some European countries. Thus, by 1975, the setting up of the global indigenous movement and its network (the global indigenous movement network) was accomplished. Throughout the 1980s, a new definition of ‘indigenous’ within the network and the UN began to be discussed through the Martínez Cobo report and the establishment of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP). In a parallel way, the movement organised a series of international events to advocate in favour of new concepts concerning indigenous rights within the human rights UN system. Through these discourses, actions and accomplishments, discourses about global indigeneity were introduced within the aid industry through new concepts to implement alternative ways of development projects. In addition, the old International Labour Organisation (ILO) 107 integrationist convention was revised and a new one was created and approved in 1989: the ILO Convention 169 for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples

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