Soviet and Russian Diplomatic Expulsions
How Many and Why
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 20184056 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kevin Riehle (0000-0002-8711-9842, corresponding author), Kevin P Riehle |
| Year | 2024 |
| Volume | 37 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 1238-1263 |
| Publication date | 2024-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0885-0607 • E-ISSN: 1521-0561 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/08850607.2023.2272216 |
| OpenAlex | W4389376954 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 3 |
| References cited | 4 |
Between 1946 and 1991, over 1,500 Soviet officials—mostly intelligence officers operating under diplomatic cover—were expelled from diplomatic and other government representations around the world. Expulsions often involved single or small groups of officials, but occasionally occurred en masse. Countries chose to expel Soviet officials for four reasons: in reaction to anti-Soviet regime changes and political reversals, in retaliation for Soviet covert activities and political manipulation, in reaction to Soviet intelligence officer defectors and intelligence obtained from penetrations of Soviet intelligence services, and, most frequently, in retaliation for espionage. Recent expulsions are modern adaptations of a method that was common during the Cold War with commonalities of purpose, but some variations, especially in scale and level of international cooperation
Counterintelligence · Covert · Espionage · Officer · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Intelligence, Security, War Strategy · Law
| Unique citing works | 3 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,5 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2026 (3) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |