Clarifying the Concepts of Research Ethics

O ne of the most important achievements of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (the Commission) was to begin the process of correcting the conceptual and semantic errors that had undermined virtually all previous attempts to develop rational public policy on research involving human subjects. The fruits of this achievement are seen most clearly in the later reports of the Commission-on children,1 on those institutionalized as mentally infirm,2 and on Institutional Review Boards (IRBs).3 Earlier reports, for example, on the fetus,4 were flawed in several respects5 because they were prepared before the Commission had completed its conceptual clarifications. Four of these clarifications are especially important. The Commission (1) developed satisfactory definitions of research and practice; (2) abandoned the distinction between therapeutic and nontherapeutic research; (3) clarified the concept of risk; and (4) identified the different purposes of informed consent and the consent form

Engineering ethics · Environmental ethics · Epistemology · Research ethics · Sociology · Engineering · Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare · Ethics in Clinical Research · Ethics in medical practice · Philosophy · Psychology

• Therapy or Research

  Francis Rolleston, James R Miller•IRB Ethics and Human Research•1981

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• The Senate's Proposed Statutory Definition of 'Voluntary and Informed Consent

  Robert J Levine•IRB Ethics and Human Research•1980

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• The Research‐Treatment Distinction

  Open Access•Norman Ka, Nancy E Kass et al.•The Hastings Center Report•2013

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• A Critique of Clinical Equipoise

  Franklin G Miller, Howard Brody•The Hastings Center Report•2003

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• Taking the principle of the primacy of the human being seriously

  Open Access•Joanna Różyńska•Medicine Health Care and Philosophy•2021

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• The ethics of innovation for Alzheimer’s disease

  Open Access•Timothy Daly, Ignacio Mastroleo et al.•Metamedicine•2020

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• Should All Research Subjects Be Treated the Same

  Open Access•Baruch A Brody, Baruch Brody et al.•The Hastings Center Report•2015

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• The Research-Clinical Practice Distinction, Learning Health Systems, and Relationships

  Open Access•Howard Brody, Franklin G Miller•The Hastings Center Report•2013

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• Patient attitudes following participation in a health outcome survey

  D P Funch, Donnie Funch et al.•American Journal of Public Health•1981

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• Attention au chercheur ! L’éthique sous la menace de la recherche, la science sous l’emprise des comités d’éthique en recherche

  Maritza Felices-Luna•Déviance et Société•2016

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• Ethical complications of clinical therapeutic research on children

  Open Access•David C Thomasma, Alvin M Mauer•Social Science & Medicine•1982

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