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We compared the prey capture strategies of red titi monkeys,Callicebus cupreus, with those of sympatric mustached,Saguinus mystax, and saddleback tamarins,Saguinus fuscicollis,to examine whether animal prey is important in niche differentiation between these Neotropical primates. We collected data on strata and substrate use during foraging, on prey searching and capturing, and on prey type of twoC. cupreusgroups and one group each ofS. mystaxandS. fuscicollisduring a 5‐month field study in northeastern Peruvian Amazonia. Our results showed thatC. cupreusdiffered both fromS. mystaxandS. fuscicollisin prey capture strategies: (1)C. cupreusused lower forest strata for prey search and capture thanS. mystaxand higher forest strata thanS. fuscicollis.(2)C. cupreuscaptured prey on a higher variety of substrates thanS. mystaxand more often on open microhabitats compared toS. fuscicollis. (3)C. cupreuscaptured prey more often directly thanS. mystaxand rarely by manual search, in contrast toS. fuscicollis. (4)C. cupreusfed exclusively on arthropods and focused on Hymenoptera, in contrast to both tamarin species that focused on Orthoptera and included vertebrates in their diet. These findings indicate that animal prey plays a role in niche differentiation betweenC. cupreusandS. fuscicollis/S. mystaxand might facilitate the coexistence of these three sympatric species. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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