Seeing is believing

Societal differences in AI awareness and the link to AI-related beliefs

Dados Bibliográficos

ID20398024
AutoresSarah V Bentley (0000-0002-7771-1631, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, autor correspondente), David Evans (0000-0001-7258-3485), David H Evans (0000-0002-9157-4610, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation)
Ano2026
Volume41
Fascículo4
Páginas2863-2876
Data de publicação2026-04-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoAI & Society (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 0951-5666 • E-ISSN: 1435-5655
EditoraSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1007/s00146-025-02554-w
OpenAlexW4413988363
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas5
Referências citadas64

Today, there is a call for a responsible integration of AI into society. Building transparency and explainability into this integration is key, meaning AI should be understandable to end-users. Given the prevalence of AI in everyday technology, this focus on seeing into the black box misses a more fundamental need, that being an initial awareness of its presence. Using survey data collected from Australian ( $$n=303$$ n = 303 ) and UK ( $$n=301$$ n = 301 ) populations, this study estimates differences in awareness of AI across societal groups, as well as the relationship between AI awareness and beliefs about AI. Results demonstrate significantly lower awareness for traditionally digitally excluded groups, which is exacerbated for intersectional groupings such as those categorised by gender, age, and education. Further, lack of awareness predicts negative beliefs about AI. These findings highlight the importance of calibrating levels of AI visibility according to the needs of different people across society

Art · Cognitive psychology · Cognitive science · Performing arts · Visual arts · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Computer Science · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social Psychology