FRAme

An evaluation framework for human augmentation or replacement by autonomous intelligent systems

Bibliographic Data

ID20399124
AuthorsCostanza Alfieri (0000-0002-5082-3844, University of L'Aquila), Martina De Sanctis (0000-0002-9417-660X, Gran Sasso Science Institute), Donatella Donati (0000-0001-8018-2913, University of L'Aquila), Paola Inverardi (0000-0001-6734-1318, Gran Sasso Science Institute)
Year2026
Volume41
Issue2
Pages1235-1254
Publication date2026-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAI & Society (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0951-5666 • E-ISSN: 1435-5655
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1007/s00146-025-02631-0
OpenAlexW4414530271
LanguageEN
Citations received1
References cited24

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are now embedded in daily life and their adoption has polarized opinions—some fear AI will replace human roles, while others see it as a means to augment human abilities. Central to this debate is the need to determine whether these technologies replace or augment human abilities and how these outcomes impact society. Despite its importance, the distinction between replacement and augmentation remains unclear and domain-dependent. To address this challenge, we propose fRAme , a framework designed to evaluate the impact of autonomous intelligent systems by analyzing both the technology and human abilities—specifically, their dispositions—within a given context and for a specific task. This approach aims to clarify the nuanced relationship between replacement and augmentation, providing a foundational tool for promoting responsible AI development, enhancing transparency, and enabling more informed decision-making among diverse stakeholders

Ambient Intelligence · Human intelligence · Intelligent agent · Intelligent decision support system · Intelligent environment · Human-Automation Interaction and Safety

Tools

Open DOIOpen Access