Reflections on Socialism

Today no one needs proof that socialism, both as an intellectual conception and as a social movement, is undergoing a deep crisis. Such an observation has become commonplace. As for the future, given the wholesale collapse of the communist system, the claim of American political scientist Francis Fukuyama seemed quite plausible: namely, that socialism had no future, and that the period of the final and definitive victory of liberalism had arrived; it had defeated all other currents of social thought [1]. It soon became clear, however, that things were not so simple. In the West the social-democratic parties, which had begun to see their influence decline, have again begun to score points; and in the East, after a brief euphoria of postcommunist liberalism, interest in socialism is also being renewed

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