Nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): Evidence for flexible sleeping patterns and insights into human evolution
Dados Bibliográficos
| AUTOR(ES) | |
|---|---|
| AFILIAÇÃO(ÕES) | Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill Egham UK, University College London, a Communication Studies 3251 , Arizona State University West , 4701 W. Thunderbird Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85069, USA E-mail:, Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Belgium, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool United Kingdom, Chimbo Foundation Amsterdam The Netherlands, Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale University School of Public Health New Haven Connecticut USA, University Medical Center University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany, Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) New York, WWF Kudu Zombo Programme Yaoundé Cameroon, Africa, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire, Africa, Comoé Chimpanzee Conservation Project, Comoé Research Station, Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie (Zoologie III) Würzburg Germany, Korup Rainforest Conservation Society Mundemba Cameroon, Africa, KfW Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Forest Management Program for GFA Consulting Group Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo, Africa, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Leipzig Germany, Université de Neuchâtel, Institut de Biologie Neuchâtel Switzerland |
| ANO | 2018 |
| TIPO | Artigo |
| PERIÓDICO | American Journal of Physical Anthropology |
| ISSN | 0002-9483 |
| E-ISSN | 1096-8644 |
| EDITORA | Berghahn Journals (United Kingdom) |
| DOI | 10.1002/ajpa.23478 |
| CITAÇÕES | 4 |
| ADICIONADO EM | 2025-08-18 |
| MD5 |
54d46f79570141b9e1aed3dd93110386
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Resumo
ObjectivesWe investigated occurrences and patterns of terrestrial nocturnal activity in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and modelled the influence of various ecological predictors on nocturnal activity.MethodsData were extracted from terrestrial camera‐trap footage and ecological surveys from 22 chimpanzee study sites participating in the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. We described videos demonstrating nocturnal activity, and we tested the effects of the percentage of forest, abundance of predators (lions, leopards and hyenas), abundance of large mammals (buffalos and elephants), average daily temperature, rainfall, human activity, and percent illumination on the probability of nocturnal activity.ResultsWe found terrestrial nocturnal activity to occur at 18 of the 22 study sites, at an overall average proportion of 1.80% of total chimpanzee activity, and to occur during all hours of the night, but more frequently during twilight hours. We found a higher probability of nocturnal activity with lower levels of human activity, higher average daily temperature, and at sites with a larger percentage of forest. We found no effect of the abundance of predators and large mammals, rainfall, or moon illumination.DiscussionChimpanzee terrestrial nocturnal activity appears widespread yet infrequent, which suggests a consolidated sleeping pattern. Nocturnal activity may be driven by the stress of high daily temperatures and may be enabled at low levels of human activity. Human activity may exert a relatively greater influence on chimpanzee nocturnal behavior than predator presence. We suggest that chimpanzee nocturnal activity is flexible, enabling them to respond to changing environmental factors.