Arothron: An R package for geometric morphometric methods and virtual anthropology applications
Dados Bibliográficos
| AUTOR(ES) | |
|---|---|
| AFILIAÇÃO(ÕES) | Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse Università di Napoli Federico II Naples Italy, PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology Hull York Medical School University of York Heslington United Kingdom, Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale Sapienza Università di Roma Rome Italy, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica Sapienza Università di Roma Via Eudossiana, 18 Rome 00184 Italy, 14 John Maurice Close London SE17 1PZ United Kingdom |
| ANO | 2021 |
| TIPO | Artigo |
| PERIÓDICO | American Journal of Physical Anthropology |
| ISSN | 0002-9483 |
| E-ISSN | 1096-8644 |
| EDITORA | Berghahn Journals (United Kingdom) |
| DOI | 10.1002/ajpa.24340 |
| CITAÇÕES | 5 |
| ADICIONADO EM | 2025-08-18 |
Resumo
ObjectivesThe statistical analysis of fossil remains is essential to understand the evolution of the genus Homo. Unfortunately, the human fossil record is straight away scarce and plagued with severe loss of information caused by taphonomic processes. The recently developed field of Virtual Anthropology helps to ameliorate this situation by using digital techniques to restore damaged and incomplete fossils.Materials and methodsWe present the package Arothron, an R software suite meant to process and analyze digital models of skeletal elements. Arothron includes tools to digitally extract virtual cavities such as cranial endocasts, to statistically align disarticulated or broken bony elements, and to visualize local variations between surface meshes and landmark configurations.ResultsWe describe the main functionalities of Arothron and illustrate their usage through reproducible case studies. We describe a tool for segmentation of skeletal cavities by showing its application on a malleus bone, a Neanderthal tooth, and a modern human cranium, reproducing their shape and calculating their volume. We illustrate how to digitally align a disarticulated model of a modern human cranium, and how to combine piecemeal shape information on individual specimens into one. In addition, we present useful visualization tools by comparing the morphological differences between the right hemisphere of the Neanderthal and the modern human brain.ConclusionsThe Arothron R package is designed to study digital models of fossil specimens. By using Arothron, scientists can handle digital models with ease, investigate the inner morphology of 3D skeletal models, gain a full representation of the original shapes of damaged specimens, and compare shapes across specimens.