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Resumo

Addressing recent critiques concerning the accuracy of Alice Duncan‐Kemp's accounts of the Channel Country, this essay evaluates her extraordinary statements concerning the structure of the Kooroongoora millenarian movement and what she called 'warrior lodges'. The essay considers the implications of these descriptions for our current understandings of how First Nations groups organised militant resistance against inroads of settlement. After defining millenarian movements and warrior sodalities, the paper considers how Duncan‐Kemp's accounts align with common features of these phenomena. Evidence is presented for large‐scale alliances, medicine man resistance leaders and warrior associations in many regions of Australia. The author suggests these may have been central to First Nations resistance during Australia's Frontier Wars.

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