Disparities in Covid-19 Testing and Infection Among Beneficiaries in the Military Health System During the First Year of the Pandemic
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 2073629 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Elta Liang (0000-0003-2325-5201, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, corresponding author), Kevin Chuang (0009-0007-5541-6600, Henry M. Jackson Foundation), Kevin K Chung (0000-0002-2781-3787), Christian L Coles (0009-0006-2573-0706, Henry M. Jackson Foundation), Tracey Pérez Koehlmoos (0000-0003-1377-8615, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 13 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 1065-1072 |
| Publication date | 2025-02-21 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2196-8837 • E-ISSN: 2197-3792 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s40615-025-02315-x |
| PMID | 39982583 |
| OpenAlex | W4407839322 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 27 |
Background Although disparities in access to COVID-19 testing and infection rates were identified in civilian literature, it is unclear whether the universally-insured U.S. Military Health System (MHS) experienced similar inequities. We examined whether there were disparities by race, sex, and rank within the MHS' direct care sector during the early pandemic period. Methods Retrospective study of adult TRICARE beneficiaries from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. Likelihood of COVID-19 testing and infection, among eligible beneficiaries, for each exposure variable was assessed using logistic regression. Results 697,769 beneficiaries received COVID-19 testing during the study period with 56,037 testing positive. Women were more likely to be tested than men (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.24), but less likely to test positive (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85-0.89). Compared to White beneficiaries, Black and Asian/Pacific Islander beneficiaries were more likely to be tested (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.07-1.08; OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21-1.24). Black beneficiaries were more likely to test positive (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13). Junior Enlisted members were less likely, while Junior Officers were more likely to be tested than Senior Enlisted members (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.73-0.74; OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18-1.21). Junior and Senior officers were less likely to test positive (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95; OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.67-0.74). Conclusion Despite universal healthcare coverage, disparities in COVID-19 testing and infection rates by race, sex, and sponsor rank were identified within the MHS. Further research of underlying factors of observed disparities and targeted outreach are necessary for equitable care
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Disease · Environmental health · Health care · Health equity · Infectious disease (medical specialty · Logistic regression · Pacific islanders · Pandemic · Population · Public health · COVID-19 and healthcare impacts · COVID-19 and Mental Health · Demography · Disaster Response and Management · Medicine · Epidemiology · Gerontology · Internal Medicine
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| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |