Fascism on trial

Rodolfo Graziani and the manipulation of historical consciousness in postwar Italy

Datos Bibliográficos

ID2099501
AutoresVictoria Witkowski (0009-0001-4543-625X, University of London, autor de correspondencia)
Año2025
Volumen30
Número3
Páginas1-17
Fecha de publicación2025-02-03
Peer ReviewedSí
Open AccessSí
TipoARTICLE
RevistaModern Italy (JOURNAL)
Identificadores de la revistaISSN: 1353-2944 • E-ISSN: 1469-9877
EditorialCambridge University Press (CUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1017/mit.2024.76
OpenAlexW4407080546
IdiomaEN
Citas recibidas1
Referencias citadas18

This article uses the postwar trial of Fascist Italy's most prominent general, Rodolfo Graziani, to examine issues of transitional justice and the formation of popular memory of Italian Fascism and colonialism after 1945. During the Fascist ventennio, the regime constructed Graziani as the nation's colonial 'hero' despite his leading role in genocidal measures during Fascist Italy's colonial wars in North and East Africa. His position as minister of defence in Mussolini's Nazi-backed Salò Republic in 1943-5, however, threatened his heroic reputation as he worked with Nazi commanders and became responsible for atrocities against Italian civilians. After the Second World War, Graziani was tried for Nazi collaborationism at the Supreme Court in 1948, but his colonial conduct was left unquestioned. Unlike in the Nuremberg Trials in post-Nazi Germany, few Italians were tried for war crimes after 1945. This historical inquiry analyses the legal proceedings, transnational representation and outcome of Rodolfo Graziani's 1948 trial as an emblematic case study to explore de-fascistisation and decolonialisation initiatives and their limitations in post-Fascist postcolonial Italy

Colonialism · Nazism · Political science · Sociology · Communism, Protests, Social Movements · Historical and Contemporary Political Dynamics · History · Italian Fascism and Post-war Society · Law