How should pretest measures be included in multilevel models when examining the effects of teacher or school variables on learning
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21067802 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Carmen Köhler (0000-0002-6668-4658, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, corresponding author), Peter A Edelsbrunner (0000-0001-9102-1090, LMU Klinikum), Steffen Zitzmann (0000-0002-7595-4736, MSH Medical School Hamburg – University of Applied Sciences and Medical University), Marie‐Ann Sengewald (0000-0003-4155-394X, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Volume | 89 |
| Pages | 101606 |
| Publication date | 2026-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Studies In Educational Evaluation (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0191-491X • E-ISSN: 1879-2529 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.stueduc.2026.101606 |
| OpenAlex | W7160380574 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 63 |
Context effect · Item response theory · Multilevel model · Multilevel modelling · Regression analysis · Statistical analysis · Early Childhood Education and Development · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · School Choice and Performance
One lesson is all you need? Stability of instructional quality across lessons
Classroom Climate and Contextual Effects
Domain-specific prior knowledge and learning
On the unnecessary ubiquity of hierarchical linear modeling.
Student-perceived teaching quality
Effectiveness of learning strategy instruction on academic performance
Latent Variable Centering of Predictors and Mediators in Multilevel and Time-Series Models
Multilevel structural equation models for assessing moderation within and across levels of analysis.
Teaching Effectiveness Research in the Past Decade
The impact of physics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and motivation on students’ achievement and interest
Average causal effects from nonrandomized studies
The importance of covariate selection in controlling for selection bias in observational studies.
On Ignoring the Random Effects Assumption in Multilevel Models
A national experiment reveals where a growth mindset improves achievement
Causal Inference Using Potential Outcomes
Doubly Latent Multilevel Analyses of Classroom Climate
Professional competence of teachers
Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
A critique of the cross-lagged panel model.
Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4
Estimating the causal effect of measured endogenous variables
What skills related to the control-of-variables strategy need to be taught, and who gains most? Differential effects of a training intervention
Deciding between the Covariance Analytical Approach and the Change-Score Approach in Two Wave Panel Data
How Bias Reduction Is Affected by Covariate Choice, Unreliability, and Mode of Data Analysis
The EffectLiteR Approach for Analyzing Average and Conditional Effects
Ancova Versus CHANGE From Baseline in Nonrandomized Studies
Teacher classroom management self-efficacy
When Treatment Adherence Matters
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |