Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Control and the “Good Life”

Primary and Secondary Control as Distinct Indicators of Well-Being

Bibliographic Data

ID21209235
AuthorsErik G Helzer (0000-0002-1667-3723, Johns Hopkins University, corresponding author), Eranda Jayawickreme (0000-0001-6544-7004, Wake Forest University)
Year2015
Volume6
Issue6
Pages653-660
Publication date2015-08-01
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Psychological and Personality Science (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 1948-5506 • E-ISSN: 1948-5514
PublisherSAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/1948550615576210
OpenAlexW2008804236
LanguageEN
Citations received10
References cited44

How does a sense of control relate to well-being? We consider two distinguishable control strategies, primary and secondary control, and their relationships with two facets of subjective well-being, daily positive/negative affective experience and global life satisfaction. Using undergraduate and online samples, the results suggest that these different control strategies are associated uniquely with distinct facets of well-being. After controlling for shared variance among constructs, primary control (the tendency to achieve mastery over circumstances via goal striving) was associated more consistently with daily affective experience than was secondary control, and secondary control (the tendency to achieve mastery over circumstances via sense-making) was associated more strongly with life satisfaction than primary control, but only within the student sample and community members not in a committed relationship. The results highlight the importance of both control strategies to everyday health and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between control and well-being

Developmental psychology · Everyday life · Happiness · Life satisfaction · Perceived control · Psychotherapist · Sense of control · Subjective well-being · Well-being · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Mental Health Research Topics · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • The Relationship Between Self-Regulatory Strategies, Daily Stress, and Negative Affect in College Females

    Open Access•Alissa Russell, Samantha F Anderson•Emerging Adulthood•2018

  • Longitudinal and Age-Related Implications of Primary and Secondary Control for Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

    Open Access•Masahiro Toyama•Journal of Happiness Studies•2022

  • Informing the Structure of Subjective Well-Being Using Preregistered Intervention Studies

    Open Access•Michael A Busseri•Journal of Happiness Studies•2025

  • Evaluating the Structure of Subjective Well-Being

    Open Access•Michael A Busseri•Personality and Social Psychology…•2025

  • Left Out But “In Control”? Culture Variations in Perceived Control When Excluded by a Close Other

    Open Access•Sasha Y Kimel, Dominik Mischkowski et al.•Social Psychological and…•2022

  • Adjustment and acceptance beliefs in achievement settings

    Open Access•Patti C Parker, Raymond P Perry et al.•Social Psychology of Education•2022

  • Education and mental health

    Open Access•Helen Niemeyer, Angela Bieda et al.•SSM - Population Health•2019

  • The Happiness of Individuals and the Collective

    Open Access•Yukiko Uchida, Oishi et al.•Japanese Psychological Research•2016

  • Is Primacy of Primary Control Universal? Comparisons Between Ideal-Actual Levels of Control Strategies Among Youth and Emerging Adults Across Four Countries

    Open Access•Takafumi Sawaumi, Jenny Kurman et al.•Journal of Cross-Cultural…•2025

  • Parents’ adjustment following the death of their child

    Open Access•Frank J Infurna, Suniya S Luthar•Journal of Research in Personality•2017

  • The Cultural Animal

    Roy F Baumeister•The Cultural Animal•2005

  • Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue

    Robert A Emmons•Flourishing•2003

  • The Relevance of Control Beliefs for Health and Aging

    Margie E Lachman, Shevaun D Neupert et al.•Handbook of the psychology of aging•2011

  • A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being

    Open Access•Michael A Busseri, Stan W Sadava•Personality and Social Psychology…•2011

  • Born to choose

    Open Access•Lauren A Leotti, Sheena S Iyengar et al.•Trends in Cognitive Sciences•2010

  • Lacking Control Increases Illusory Pattern Perception

    Open Access•Jennifer Whitson, Jennifer A Whitson et al.•Science•2008

  • Cultural Practices Emphasize Influence in the United States and Adjustment in Japan

    Open Access•Beth Morling, Shinobu Kitayama et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2002

  • The desirability of control

    Open Access•Jerry M Burger, Harris M Cooper•Motivation and Emotion•1979

  • A life-span theory of control.

    Jutta Heckhausen, Richard Schulz•Psychological Review•1995

  • Human Autonomy

    Edward L Deci, Richard M Ryan•Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem•1995

  • Power and Choice

    Open Access•M Ena Inesi, Simona Botti et al.•Psychological Science•2011

  • Responses to stress in adolescence

    Jennifer K Connor-Smith, Bruce E Compas et al.•Journal of Consulting and…•2000

  • Primary and secondary control strategies for managing health and financial stress across adulthood.

    Carsten Wrosch, Jutta Heckhausen et al.•Psychology and Aging•2000

  • Self-Efficacy

    Albert Bandura, W H Freeman et al.•Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy•1999

  • A Survey Method for Characterizing Daily Life Experience

    Open Access•Daniel Kahneman, Alan B Krueger et al.•Science•2004

  • The Satisfaction With Life Scale

    Ed Diener, Robert A Emmons et al.•Journal of Personality Assessment•1985

  • Higher Income Is Associated With Less Daily Sadness but not More Daily Happiness

    Open Access•Kostadin Kushlev, Elizabeth W Dunn et al.•Social Psychological and…•2015

  • Illusory Control

    Open Access•Nathanael J Fast, Deborah H Gruenfeld et al.•Psychological Science•2009

  • The Dynamic Process of Life Satisfaction

    Open Access•Daniel Heller, David Watson et al.•Journal of Personality•2006

  • Primary and Secondary Control Over Age‐Related Changes in Physical Appearance

    Open Access•Suzanne C Thompson, Craig W Thomas et al.•Journal of Personality•1998

  • The 24-item Brief Hexaco Inventory (BHI)

    Reinout E De Vries•Journal of Research in Personality•2013

  • Income and well-being

    Open Access•Richard E Lucas, Ulrich Schimmack•Journal of Research in Personality•2009

  • Time frames and the distinction between affective and cognitive well-being

    Open Access•Maike Luhmann, Louise C Hawkley et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2012

  • Revisiting the agentic shift

    Open Access•Bob M Fennis, Henk Aarts•European Journal of Social…•2012

  • Wealth and happiness across the world

    Ed Diener, Sik Hung Ng et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2010

  • Secondary control reviewed and defined

    Beth Morling, Sharrilyn Evered•Psychological Bulletin•2006

  • Control deprivation and styles of thinking

    Xinyue Zhou, Lingnan He et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Changing the world and changing the self

    Fred Rothbaum, John R Weisz et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1982

  • A guide to constructs of control

    Ellen A Skinner•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • The illusion of control

    Ellen J Langer•Journal of Personality and Social…•1975

  • The Engine of Well-Being

    Open Access•Eranda Jayawickreme, Marie Forgeard et al.•Review of General Psychology•2012

  • The meaning in life questionnaire

    Michael F Steger, Patricia A Frazier et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2006

  • Subjective well-being

    Ed Diener, Eunkook M Suh et al.•Psychological Bulletin•1999

  • The Pursuit of Happiness

    Open Access•C Graham•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2012

Citations per year1
Citation span2016 - 2025 (10)
Highly citedNo

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae