Geomechanical aspects of stress and seismic control in ore mining

Introduction. This study focuses on substantiating geomechanical approaches to stress control in ore-bearing rock masses and reducing technogenic seismicity during blasting operations. The relevance of the research is обусловлена the need to improve the stability of underground workings, ensure industrial safety, and reduce the environmental impact of blasting processes. Existing methods of stress control are often fragmented and do not account for the combined influence of technological and geomechanical factors. The proposed approach aims to develop an integrated solution considering blasting parameters, rock mass properties, and wave propagation conditions. Methods. The research methodology is based on a combination of laboratory testing of rock samples, geological and structural analysis, physical and numerical modeling, and analytical dependencies describing blasting parameters and seismic wave characteristics. Stress state and seismic impact were evaluated using relationships linking charge mass, distance to objects, and particle velocity. Additional factors included delay intervals in short-delay blasting and the influence of backfill materials on wave propagation. Results. The study established patterns of stress redistribution and seismic wave propagation under different blasting conditions. It was shown that increasing the charge mass from 500 to 800 kg leads to a 20–30% increase in vibration velocity, while distance remains the dominant factor controlling attenuation. Characteristic zones of influence were identified: up to 5 m — intensive разрушения zone, 5–10 m — transition zone, and beyond 60 m — elastic deformation zone. The use of short-delay blasting with intervals of 25–75 ms reduces vibration amplitude, and backfill application decreases stress at the wave front by approximately three times. Optimal values of the line of least resistance were determined in the range of 1.7–4.8 m depending on rock strength and borehole diameter. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of integrated control of blasting parameters and engineering measures aimed at stress relief and wave screening. The proposed approach improves the stability of underground workings, reduces technogenic seismicity, and enhances safety in underground mining operations. The developed dependencies and algorithms can be applied in the design and optimization of mining technologies and in the development of seismic-safe engineering solutions

Induced seismicity · Rock blasting · Rock mass classification · Seismic wave · Vibration · Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering · Industrial Engineering and Technologies · Mining and Gasification Technologies