Synthesis of working layers of perovskite solar cells

Introduction. Currently, there is great interest in research conducted to optimize the design and manufacturing technology of elements of highly efficient solar energy converters into electrical energy. They can be successfully used in the national economy and in everyday life. For a long time, relevant work has been carried out to create such a system based on silicon structures. Crystalline and polycrystalline silicon are used, as well as thin-film multi-cascade solar cells based on amorphous silicon, hetero-structured silicon systems are created and there are developments for applying crystalline Si to glass. The best of the presented elements are characterized by an efficiency of converting the entire structure, estimated at 25%. Today, perovskite solar cells are experiencing rapid growth, which can be synthesized by depositing a solution of organic-inorganic halides, since, according to expert forecasts, a converter with an efficiency of more than 32% can be built on their basis. They have a very high level of conversion of solar radiation into photocurrent. Systems based on them can be quite technologically advanced. Moreover, the use of, for example, deposition methods will allow the creation of both small consumer goods and large-format devices, the structures based on them are very thin and light. All these qualities determine their prospects, and therefore the corresponding studies are very relevant. Materials and methods. Theoretical review of the analysis of methods for the formation of transport-selective layers of the solar cell design based on perovskite. Development of technology for obtaining these working layers based on NiO and ZnO and their synthesis on a glass substrate using sol-gel technology, thermal evaporation with the prevention of the oxide decomposition process and magnetron sputtering. Pressing targets from NiO and ZnO powders. Instrumental study of the density of the formed layers using a spectrophotometer. Results. The performed instrumental analysis of the deposited layers, carried out using a spectrophotometer, showed that the structures formed by magnetron sputtering have greater homogeneity and sufficient transparency. The unevenness of light transmission does not exceed 5%, which characterizes the layer very favorably. No micro-particles or droplet phase were found on the obtained surface. Discussion. A review and analysis of the functions of transport-selective layers, as well as various known technological approaches used for their formation, are provided. Implemented. Synthesis of layers of electron and hole conductivity types based on NiO and ZnO by sol-gel technology with centrifuge deposition, thermal evaporation of oxides and magnetron sputtering with preliminary formation of targets by pressing powders of the corresponding oxides in a mold. Conclusion. Working semiconductor nano-layers were applied to a glass substrate using three technological approaches, intended to perform transport-selective functions with respect to charge carriers generated in the perovskite layer of the solar cell. Visual control of the obtained layers and instrumental study of their density were carried out using a spectrophotometer, which allows measuring the levels of transmission, absorption and reflection of optical radiation by liquid and solid samples within the spectrum from 190 to 1100 nm. Resume. The results of the work can be useful in conducting research aimed at increasing the efficiency of solar cells built on the basis of charge carrier generation in perovskite

Engineering physics · Perovskite (structure) · Physics · Chemical Engineering · Engineering · Environmental Science · Materials Science · Perovskite Materials and Applications