Cabaran Penyeragaman Undang-Undang Jenayah Syariah di Malaysia
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21236525 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Zaini Nasohah (0000-0002-1963-0411, Malacca General Hospital), Zurul Iman Zakaria (Malacca General Hospital), Zuliza Mohd Kusrin (0000-0003-4775-3256, Malacca General Hospital) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Publication date | 2022-12-01 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | International Journal of Islamic Thought (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2232-1314 • E-ISSN: 2289-6023 |
| Publisher | Department of Theology and Philosophy, UKM (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.24035/ijit.22.2022.248 |
| OpenAlex | W4310540335 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 3 |
Chemical processes normally operate on total sites served by central utility systems \nthat are complex in their operations. The utility systems supply the processes with \nrequirements such as; process heating, process cooling, power, water supply and \ndisposal etc. Site expansions such as introduction of new processes into existing sites, \nor retrofit projects such as improving the heat recovery of existing processes usually \nresult in changes in process utility requirements. Introduction of new process into an \nexisting site normally requires a new heat exchanger network (HEN) to be optimally \ndesigned for integration with the site. On the other hand, retrofit project in an existing \nsite may require an existing process HEN to be retrofitted to reduce its utility \nconsumption leading to possible debottlenecking of the process. In normal total site, a \nprocess HEN may consume and/or generate steam utilities at various pressure levels \nsupplied from or to steam utility system through the steam mains. Thus, during the \nincorporation of a new process HEN or retrofitting an existing one, concurrent \nchanges in the process steam requirement at several pressure levels may occur, \ncausing concurrent changes in the flow of steam in the respective steam mains. \nTherefore, to optimize the utility systems operation and the process HENs design or \nretrofit, a better understanding on these interactions in the context of total site is \nrequired. In the previous approach for energy analysis and optimization of total sites, \nthe impacts of changes in process steam requirement on the utility systems operation \nare assessed using steam marginal costs. For steam at a given pressure level, the \nmarginal cost is defined as the change in the steam utility system operating cost per \nunit change in the steam load. The steam marginal costs are calculated based on the \nassumption that the changes in the process steam requirements at the various pressure \nlevels occur successively instead of concurrently. This may not be true when real total \nsites are concerned. Also, steam marginal costs are known to vary with the change in \nthe process steam flow
Business · Political science · Education and Islamic Studies · Islamic Finance and Banking Studies · Law · Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies
| Highly cited | No |
|---|