Drivers of chronic depressive and harmful alcohol use symptoms among adults living with HIV in Lesotho

Pathways for integrated interventions

Dados Bibliográficos

ID21257144
AutoresGrace H Yoon (0000-0002-3849-1947, University of Basel, autor correspondente), Natalie E Johnson (0000-0001-8379-1183, University of Basel), Irene Falgas-Bague (0000-0002-1072-4243), Mahlatsi Palesa (Community Health Partnership), Moleboheng Mokebe (Community Health Partnership), Nadine Tschumi (0000-0002-7303-9542, University of Basel), Malebanye Lerotholi (0000-0003-2101-6143, University of Basel), Alastair Van Heerden (0000-0003-2530-6885), Niklaus Daniel Labhardt (0000-0003-3599-1791, University of Basel), Jennifer M Belus (0000-0003-4091-4889, University of Basel)
Ano2025
Volume7
Páginas100462
Data de publicação2025-06-01
Peer ReviewedSim
Open AccessSim
TipoARTICLE
PeriódicoSSM - Mental Health (JOURNAL)
Identificadores do periódicoISSN: 2666-5603 • E-ISSN: 2666-5603
EditoraElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100462
OpenAlexW4410352050
IdiomaEN
Citações recebidas1
Referências citadas41

Introduction Mental health problems are prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) in Southern Africa. However, mental health problems are substantially under-diagnosed and under-treated in this setting. This study explores the drivers, explanatory factors, and coping mechanisms of mental health problems among PWH in Lesotho who have lived experience with depressive symptoms and/or alcohol use problems and attempts to contextualize the findings to local realities and norms. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Butha Buthe (peri-urban) and Mokhotlong (rural) districts in Lesotho at district- and village-level health facilities with 28 PWH recruited based on past year’s record of depressive symptoms (n=22), harmful alcohol consumption (n=4), or both (n=2). Thematic analysis identified overarching themes, which were synthesized into a conceptual model. Results Economic and interpersonal challenges were perceived as drivers of mental health problems. Perceived lack of tangible resources and agency to alleviate these problems led participants to feel helpless and experience chronic depressive symptoms. Participants described coping with these symptoms through harmful alcohol use, which is often unaddressed due to local norms surrounding alcohol consumption. Chronic depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use reduced individuals’ cognitive capacity to resolve their economic and interpersonal problems, reinforcing the cycle between these problems and corollary mental health problems. Participants suggested three intervention areas to target this cycle in their community: economic empowerment, social engagement in the form of group activities, and public education coupled with professional counseling to raise awareness and support for mental health problems. Conclusions Findings reveal that PWH in Lesotho view economic and interpersonal problems as the main drivers of chronic depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use, which only serve to reinforce the underlying problems. Addressing these drivers alongside HIV care may be effective in reducing the depression and alcohol use burden experienced by this population

Anxiety · Depressive symptoms · Family medicine · Psychiatry · Psychological intervention · Clinical Psychology · HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions · Medicine · Mental Health Treatment and Access · Psychology · Gerontology