What are the Factors Making Pakistan’s Exports Stagnant? Insight from Literature Review

Lowering exports is considered as one of the paramount reasons of widening trade deficit of Pakistan, which has become a long-standing challenge that country is facing since the beginning of the century. During the last two decades, the contribution of exports in GDP has been declined from 16 to 10 percent (World Bank, 2021). If we look at Pakistan’s share in global trade, it is dropped from 0.15 percent in 2005 to 0.12 percent in 2021. Export competitiveness of Pakistan is shrinking, while the competitors like Bangladesh, India, and Vietnam are experiencing expansion in export competitiveness. The stagnancy in Pakistan’s exports brings about a number of challenges like increasing current account deficit, burden of foreign debt, exchange rate, and other macroeconomic problems (Government of Pakistan, 2021-22; Defever, et al. 2020). Various reasons of declining export are suggested by the economists and researchers. To gather concrete evidence, a comprehensive desk review or literature review is required to unleash what factors are bringing down Pakistan’ exports. For that purpose, the underlying piece of research aims to weave up a review of existing literature on exports and unfolds the significant factors which influence exports

Econometrics · Economics · Belt and Road Initiative · Global Financial Crisis and Policies · Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East

• How technological innovation and institutional quality affect sectoral energy consumption in Pakistan? Fresh policy insights from novel econometric approach

  Open Access•Li Zheng, Zheng Li et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2022

  Add to list

• The Growth of Broadband and Electronic Commerce in South Korea

  Heejin Lee, Robert M O'Keefe et al.•The Information Society•2003

  Add to list