The transformer led policing matrix
A tool for grading suitability of general-purpose artificial intelligence models in policing
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21372511 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Eric Halford (0000-0002-3913-1679, Rabdan Academy, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Publication date | 2026-02-27 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0032-258X • E-ISSN: 1740-5599 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0032258x261430216 |
| OpenAlex | W7131814108 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 43 |
The Transformer-Led Policing (TLP) model, published in 2025, provided a framework for applying artificial intelligence (AI) in policing, including Generative AI (GenAI). This article introduces a matrix to support this model, providing policing with a quantitative tool that scores 12 elements required for safe AI development and implementation, including: operational validity, integration, usability, privacy, data handling, safety, stakeholder engagement, legal compliance, bias and community impact, procedural justice, ease of use, and effectiveness. By providing a means to identify strengths and weaknesses of policing applications of AI, the matrix supports informed decision-making by providing a tool to assess utility, assist project implementation and management, or act as a structured evaluation method
Applications of artificial intelligence · Benchmarking · Best practice · Grading (engineering) · Stakeholder · Strengths and weaknesses · Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education · Ethics and Social Impacts of AI · Policing Practices and Perceptions
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Fairness and Abstraction in Sociotechnical Systems
Systematic review of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (Epis) framework
Procedural Justice, Trust, and Institutional Legitimacy
Towards a general theory of implementation
The Black Box Society
Why People Obey the Law
Emerging Consensus on ‘Ethical AI’
‘Don’t be the same, be better’
Empirical evaluation of a technology acceptance model for mobile policing
Protecting victim and witness statement
Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Policing, and Risk Assessment for Law Enforcement
Using chat GPT to evaluate police threats, risk and harm
Safety, privacy, or both
Contact and confidence
Governance of artificial intelligence
The application of artificial intelligence in police interrogations
Officers as Mirrors
Why do People Comply with the Law
Automation and artificial intelligence in police body-worn cameras
Judge v Robot? Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Decision-Making
Conceptualizing an AI-based Police Robot for Preventing Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing
| Citation velocity | historical |
|---|---|
| Highly cited | No |