The presence of other‐race people disrupts spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking

Bibliographic Data

ID21391855
AuthorsJing Zhai (0009-0002-4679-0039, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China), Jiushu Xie (0000-0003-4300-1516, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China, corresponding author), Jiahan Chen (0000-0003-0768-5260, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China), Yujie Huang (0009-0009-3545-8824, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China), Yuchao Ma (0000-0001-8165-8207, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China), Yanli Huang (0000-0001-9860-5320, School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China)
Year2021
Volume62
Issue5
Pages655-664
Publication date2021-10-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueScandinavian Journal of Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0036-5564 • E-ISSN: 1467-9450
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1111/sjop.12751
PMID34191306
OpenAlexW3173544149
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited63

Visual perspective taking is an essential skill for effective social interaction. Previous studies have tested various perceiver‐based factors that affect intentional perspective taking; however, the factors affecting spontaneous perspective taking remain unknown. To fill this gap, the present study used a novel spontaneous visual perspective taking paradigm to explore how an agent’s race and emotion affect spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking. In Experiment 1, the participants completed a mental rotation task while a human agent simultaneously gazed at the target with positive, negative, or neutral facial expressions. The agent was African, Caucasian, or Chinese. The results revealed that the other‐race agents disrupted the participants’ spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking, while emotion weakly affected it. Experiment 2 retested whether emotion could affect spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking while only own‐race agents were used. The participants completed the same task as that in Experiment 1. The results revealed that emotions weakly affected spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking. In summary, the present study first examined what target‐based factors affect spontaneous level‐2 visual perspective taking. The results extend the representation and incorporation of the close others’ responses (RICOR) model. Specifically, people routinely construct representations of other people’s points of view when they share the same racial group

Affect (linguistics) · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Construct (python library) · Developmental psychology · Empathy · Mental Rotation · Perspective (graphical) · Perspective-taking · Race (biology) · Task (project management) · Categorization, perception, and language · Communication · Face Recognition and Perception · Psychology · Social Psychology · Spatial Cognition and Navigation