Avoidance Language Typology

In professional communication, effectiveness is determined not only by what is said but also by what is consciously avoided. While English for Specific Purposes (ESP) research has traditionally emphasised productive vocabulary, avoidance language remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by proposing a comparative typology of avoidance language across two professional domains: (1) policy-driven avoidance in English-language social media moderation and (2) culture-driven avoidance in Thai business communication contexts. Adopting a qualitative, dataset-informed design, the study analyses normative institutional artefacts, specifically, publicly available profanity blocklists and business communication substitution manuals, to map the mechanisms of avoidance. Although the datasets are purposively limited by proprietary and cultural constraints, their comparison yields noteworthy theoretical insights into high-context professional ESP communication. The researchers propose the Avoidance Language Typology Model, distinguishing between top-down, rule-based avoidance (omission) and bottom-up, relational avoidance (substitution). The analysis demonstrates that while social media moderation enforces compliance through rigid keyword blacklists, business communication in high-context settings emphasises pragmatic substitutions to maintain harmony. These findings offer direct implications for ESP pedagogy, particularly for learners navigating the intersection of algorithmic constraints and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) pragmatic norms. Specifically, the distinction between lexical compliance and pragmatic substitution provides a practically applicable pedagogical framework for teaching avoidance as a necessary communicative skill in digital and intercultural workplaces. Keywords: Avoidance Language Typology; Intercultural Pragmatics; Social Media Content Moderation; Thai Business Communication; English for Specific Purposes Pedagogy DOI: http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2026-3202-17

Data collection · Identification (biology) · Professional communication · Qualitative research · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Innovative Education and Learning Practices · Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies