Combining Order and Consistency Effects in Two-Sided Messages on the Non-Effectiveness of Homeopathy
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21453495 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Luisa Liekefett (0000-0001-5669-9613, University of Osnabrück, Germany, corresponding author), Julia Christina Becker (0000-0002-2456-1174, University of Osnabrück, Germany) |
| Year | 2026 |
| Pages | 1461672251409438-1461672251409438 |
| Publication date | 2026-02-12 |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/01461672251409438 |
| PMID | 41677466 |
| OpenAlex | W7128737378 |
| Language | EN |
| References cited | 45 |
How do people whose beliefs conflict with the scientific consensus respond to two-sided messages that communicate both the belief-challenging consensus and isolated belief-affirming findings? Across three experiments ( N total = 1,124), we gave homeopathy supporters belief-challenging and belief-affirming information in varying orders. In Studies 1 and 2, we measured perceived trustworthiness of homeopathy-related science between both pieces of information. Compared with participants who received belief-challenging information first, participants who received belief-affirming information first reported higher trust in homeopathy-related science after the first information and were more likely to report believing that homeopathy is not effective after both pieces of information. Study 3 showed that the order effect on reported belief in the effectiveness of homeopathy did not occur without the interim measurement of perceived trustworthiness. This pattern is consistent with a consistency effect due to the interim measurement. Overall, two-sided messages did not outperform one-sided messages regarding changes in reported beliefs
Confirmation bias · Consistency (knowledge bases) · Homeopathy · Interim · Order (exchange) · Trustworthiness · Child and Animal Learning Development · Climate Change Communication and Perception · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
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| Highly cited | No |
|---|