III. Mediatio und superioritas

From the 12 th century onwards, arbitration tribunals came into use and until the 15 th century they were established as alternative legal practice. While the Roman Law became institutionalized as an instrument of political power, the arbitration tribunals retained their value as elements of noble communication in case of crisis within European realms. In international politics and law, arbitration tribunals were often brought into play, but failed to be successful as instrument of international conflict management

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