Explicit vs. implicit spatial processing in arrow vs. eye-gaze spatial congruency effects
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 21533642 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Cristina Narganes-Pineda (0000-0002-5577-325X, Universidad de Granada, corresponding author), Ana B Chica (0000-0001-5804-1591, Universidad de Granada), J Lupiáñez (0000-0001-6157-9894, Universidad de Granada), Andrea Marotta (0000-0003-4609-034X, Universidad de Granada) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 87 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 242-259 |
| Publication date | 2023-02-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0340-0727 • E-ISSN: 1430-2772 |
| Publisher | Springer Science and Business Media LLC (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00426-022-01659-x |
| PMID | 35192045 |
| OpenAlex | W4212986965 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
| References cited | 74 |
Arrows and gaze stimuli lead to opposite spatial congruency effects. While standard congruency effects are observed for arrows (faster responses for congruent conditions), responses are faster when eye-gaze stimuli are presented on the opposite side of the gazed-at location (incongruent trials), leading to a reversed congruency effect (RCE). Here, we explored the effects of implicit vs. explicit processing of arrows and eye-gaze direction. Participants were required to identify the direction (explicit task) or the colour (implicit task) of left or right looking/pointing gaze or arrows, presented to either the left or right of the fixation point. When participants responded to the direction of stimuli, standard congruency effects for arrows and RCE for eye-gaze stimuli were observed. However, when participants responded to the colour of stimuli, no congruency effects were observed. These results suggest that it is necessary to explicitly pay attention to the direction of eye-gaze and arrows for the congruency effect to occur. The same pattern of data was observed when participants responded either manually or verbally, demonstrating that manual motor components are not responsible for the results observed. These findings are not consistent with some hypotheses previously proposed to explain the RCE observed with eye-gaze stimuli and, therefore, call for an alternative plausible hypothesis
Arrow · Cognitive psychology · Eye movement · Fixation point · Gaze · Computer Science · Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies · Neuroscience · Psychology · Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction · Visual perception and processing mechanisms · Artificial Intelligence
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| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2.25 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 6 |