Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

An Assessment of Hitmen and Contracted Violence Providers Operating Online

Bibliographic Data

ID2153448
AuthorsA L Roddy (0000-0001-8784-5433, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, corresponding author), Thomas J Holt (0000-0002-5894-0172, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA)
Year2022
Volume43
Issue2
Pages139-151
Publication date2022-02-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueDeviant Behavior (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0163-9625 • E-ISSN: 1521-0456
PublisherInforma UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/01639625.2020.1787763
OpenAlexW3039189494
LanguageEN
Citations received8
References cited23

Past research has considered the ways in which vendors and consumers of illicit goods adapt to various formal and informal threats and manage risk in online environments. However, this topic is virtually unexplored in the context of contract-based violence. Using a sample of 24 advertisements posted on the Open and Dark web, this study utilizes a qualitative case study design to analyze the ways in which vendors attempt to signal legitimacy through the language and images used in their posts. Further, this work outlines the advertised payment structures and prices based on the skill level of contract hitmen, the weapons used, the method of violence, and the status of potential victims. The analysis reveals several ways in which vendors emphasize the privacy and anonymity of their services and highlight their ties to well-recognized organizations (e.g., the military, the mafia) in an attempt to mitigate risk and uncertainty for consumers. In addition, results reveal that online list prices for basic services are higher than previous estimates for similar services offered off-line, suggesting a premium associated with legitimacy and anonymity. These findings contribute to the literature surrounding the market for contract violence, as well as online illicit market processes generally

Advertising · Anonymity · Business · Computer security · Context (archaeology · Internet privacy · Legitimacy · Payment · Political science · Public relations · Sample (material · Computer Science · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance · Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies · Law · Finance

  • Exploratory analysis of cryptocurrency transactions of darknet drug markets

    Sohee Jung, Kyung-Shick Choi et al.•Journal of Financial Crime•2026

  • The “Yelp-Ification” of the Dark Web

    Open Access•Jordan Brinck, Brooke Nodeland et al.•Journal of Contemporary Criminal…•2023

  • A Depiction and Classification of the Stolen Data Market Ecosystem and Comprising Darknet Markets

    Open Access•C Jordan Howell, Taylor Fisher et al.•Journal of Contemporary Criminal…•2023

  • Understanding the state of criminological scholarship on cybercrimes

    Open Access•Thomas J Holt•Computers in Human Behavior•2023

  • Online criminal markets on telegram

    Open Access•Joeri Loggen, Asier Moneva et al.•Computers in Human Behavior•2026

  • Crime and Calculation

    Open Access•Ekaterina V Botchkovar, Olena Antonaccio et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2026

  • Darknet imaginaries in Internet memes

    Open Access•P Siuda, Jakub Nowak et al.•Journal of Computer-Mediated…•2022

  • Dark Web Activity in the Japanese Language Between 2004 and 2020

    Open Access•Naoki Hiramoto, Yoichi Tsuchiya•Deviant Behavior•2024

  • The Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Criminology

    Heith Copes, J Miller•Routledge Handbook of Qualitative…•2015

  • Crime, Punishment, and Deterrence

    Carol Trilling, Jack P Gibbs•The Journal of Criminal Law and…•1976

  • Delivery dilemmas

    Open Access•Judith Aldridge, Rebecca Askew•International Journal of Drug…•2017

  • The B ritish Hitman

    Open Access•Donal MacIntyre, David Wilson et al.•The Howard Journal of Criminal…•2014

  • Lost on the Silk Road

    Open Access•James Martins•Criminology & Criminal Justice•2013

  • Examining the risk reduction strategies of actors in online criminal markets

    Thomas J Holt, Olga Smirnova et al.•Global Crime•2015

  • Terrorist Decision Making in the Context of Risk, Attack Planning, and Attack Commission

    Open Access•Paul Gill, Noeme Bouhana et al.•Studies in Conflict and Terrorism•2018

  • Passing the buck

    Open Access•John C Cross•International Journal of…•2000

  • Robbing Drug Dealers

    H Virginia Mccoy, Bruce A Jacobs•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2002

  • Killing for Money and the Economic Theory of Crime

    Samuel Cameron•Review of Social Economy•2014

  • Drive it like you Stole it’

    Michael Cherbonneau, H Copes•The British Journal of Criminology•2006

  • Drug Dealers, Robbery and Retaliation. Vulnerability, Deterrence and the Contagion of Violence

    Volkan Topalli•The British Journal of Criminology•2002

  • A Crime Script Analysis of the Online Stolen Data Market

    Alice Hutchings, Thomas J Holt•The British Journal of Criminology•2015

  • Examining the Geographic Distribution of Victim Nations in Stolen Data Markets

    Open Access•Olga Smirnova, Thomas J Holt•American Behavioral Scientist•2017

  • Flow My FE the Vendor Said

    Open Access•Kim Moeller, Rasmus Munksgaard et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2017

  • Assessing the Practices and Products of Darkweb Firearm Vendors

    Christopher Copeland, Mikaela Wallin et al.•Deviant Behavior•2020

Unique citing works8
Citations per year2
Citation span2022 - 2026 (5)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 8
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae